Today, Ludic language is a topic that continues to generate interest and debate in different areas. For years, Ludic language has been the subject of research, discussions and reflections among experts and people interested in the topic. Its importance lies in its influence on fundamental aspects of society, culture and daily life. In this article, we will delve into the world of Ludic language to explore its different facets and understand its impact today. Through in-depth analysis, we will seek to shed light on the key aspects of Ludic language and its relevance in the contemporary world.
Ludic | |
---|---|
lyydin kiel', l'yyd'ikiel' | |
Native to | Russia (Republic of Karelia) |
Region | Near northwestern shore of Lake Onega |
Native speakers | 300 (2017) |
Latin (Karelian alphabet) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | recognised as minority language in: Republic of Karelia |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | lud |
Glottolog | ludi1246 |
ELP | Ludian |
[image reference needed] Lude is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) |
Ludic, or Ludian, or Ludic Karelian (Luudi, Lyydi or lüüdi), is a Finnic language in the Uralic language family or a Karelian dialect. It is transitional between the Olonets Karelian language and the Veps language. It is spoken by 300 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia in Russia, near the southwestern shore of Lake Onega, including a few children.
In the Finnish research tradition, Ludic has been considered a transitional dialect area between Karelian and Veps, while in the Russian research tradition it is, on ethnographic grounds, normally considered a dialect of Karelian. A status as an independent language has been proposed in recent times. Ludic is characterised by a specific mixture of Karelian-like traits (such as the diphthongisation of the Proto-Finnic non-open long vowels: e.g. *pää > piä 'head', *soo > suo 'swamp', contrast Veps pä, so) and Veps-like traits (such as an almost complete loss of consonant gradation). Like Veps, Ludic has also partially lost vowel harmony.
Ludic comprises three main dialect groups:
The strongest Karelian resemblance is found in Northern Ludic, while the Kuďäŕv dialect shares the most features with Veps.
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
Close | i | y | u | |
Mid | e | ø | o | |
Open | æ | ɑ |
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | (pʲ) | t | tʲ | k | ||
voiced | b | (bʲ) | d | dʲ | ɡ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||
voiced | d͡ʒ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | (f) | (fʲ) | s | sʲ | ʃ | (x) | h |
voiced | v | (vʲ) | z | zʲ | ʒ | |||
Nasal | m | (mʲ) | n | nʲ | ||||
Approximant | l | lʲ | j | |||||
Rhotic | r | rʲ |
Ludic is written using the unified Karelian alphabet, but in some publications the letter Ü is used instead of Y, as in Veps.
Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | B | C | Č | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | Š | Z | Ž | T | U | V | Y (Ü) | Ä | Ö | ʼ |
Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | c | č | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | š | z | ž | t | u | v | y (ü) | ä | ö | ʼ |