In today's world, Northern Athabaskan languages has become a topic of great relevance, its implications are as diverse as they are influential in contemporary society. From its impact on the economy to its impact on popular culture, Northern Athabaskan languages has gained unprecedented prominence in the global sphere. Over the years, it has aroused the interest of both academics and experts and the general population, generating a constant debate that seeks to understand its multiple facets and consequences. In this article, we will explore in detail the different dimensions of Northern Athabaskan languages and its impact in different areas, providing a broad and complete view of its importance today.
Languages spoken in northwest North America
Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America , particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans ), Yukon , and the Northwest Territories . The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.
Classification
Northern Athabaskan
Southern Alaskan
Ahtna (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
Central Copper River Ahtna
Lower Copper River Ahtna
Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
Western Ahtna
Dena’ina (also known as Tanaina)
Lower Inlet Dena’ina
Outer Inlet
Iliamna
Inland
Upper Inlet Dena’ina
Central Alaska–Yukon
Koyukon
Deg Xinag (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
Lower Yukon River
Middle Kuskokwin
Holikachuk (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
Koyukon (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
Tanana–Tutchone
Upper Kuskokwim (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
Tanana
Lower Tanana (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
Minto-Tolovana
Toklat
Nenana
Wood River
Chena
Salcha-Goodpastor
Tanacross (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
Upper Tanana (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
Nabesna
Tetlin
Northway
Scottie Creek
Canadian Upper Tanana
Tutchone (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
Kutchin–Han
Gwich’in (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
Hän (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
Northwestern Canada
Cordillera
Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
Tagish (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
Tahltan (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
Kaska (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
Southeastern Cordillera
Sekani
Danezaa (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)
Mackenzie
Slavey–Hare (v Slave)
Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
Dogrib (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
Chipewyan
Dene Suline (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
Tsetsaut (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
Central British Columbia
Babine-Witsuwit'en (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
Takla
Witsuwit’en (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
Moricetown
Francois Lake
Dakelh (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
Chilcotin (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
Nicola (also known as Stuwix , Nicola-Similkameen) († )
Sarsi (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai
Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
Suwal-Clatskanie
Suwal
Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)
References
Bibliography
External links
Northern
Southern Alaskan Central Alaska–Yukon Northwestern Canada Central British Columbia Other North Athabaskan
Pacific Coast
California Athabaskan Oregon Athabaskan
Southern
Western Apachean Eastern Apachean Plains Apachean
Proto-language