Plunge pool

In this article we are going to talk about Plunge pool, a topic that has been the subject of interest and debate in recent years. Plunge pool is an issue that affects people of all ages, genders and cultures, and its relevance crosses different fields such as health, economics, politics and society in general. Throughout history, Plunge pool has played a fundamental role in people's lives and its study and understanding are crucial to understanding the world in which we live. Through this article, we will explore different aspects of Plunge pool, from its origins to its impact today, with the aim of providing a comprehensive view on this relevant topic.

For the small swimming pool, see Swimming pool § Private pools.
Surface of the Seljalandsfoss plunge pool (Iceland)
Water going over the falls carries sand and pebbles that scour a plunge pool at its base.

A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at the formation's base where the water impacts. The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself.

Formation

Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a waterfall or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some spillway designs. Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the height of the fall, the volume of water, the resistance of the rock below the pool and other factors. The impacting and swirling water, sometimes carrying rocks within it, abrades the riverbed into a basin, which often features rough and irregular sides. Plunge pools can remain long after the waterfall has ceased flow or the stream has been diverted. Several examples of former plunge pools exist at Dry Falls in the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington. They can also be found underwater in areas that were formerly above sea level, for example, Perth Canyon off the coast of Western Australia.

Plunge pools are fluvial features of erosion which occur in the youthful stage of river development, characterized by steeper gradients and faster water flows. Where softer or fractured rock has been eroded back to a knickpoint, water continues to bombard its base. Because this rock is often less resistant than overlying strata, the water from the higher elevation continues eroding downward until an equilibrium is achieved.

A somewhat similar bowl-shaped feature developed by flowing water, as opposed to falling water, is known as a scour hole. These occur both naturally and as a result of bridge building.

See also

References

  1. ^ Marshak, Stephen, 2009, Essentials of Geology, W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd ed. ISBN 978-0393196566
  2. ^ Robert L Bates, Julia A Jackson, ed. Dictionary of Geological Terms: Third Edition, p. 391, American Geological Institute (1984)
  3. ^ The Management of the Zambezi River Basin and Kariba Dam, p. 105 (2010)
  4. ^ Vincent J. Zipparro, Hans Hasen, Davis' Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, p. 16.46 (1993)
  5. ^ The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington: the geologic story of the Spokane flood , p.18-19 United States Geological Survey (1973)

External links

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia