Plutarchia (wasp)
In today's world, Plutarchia (wasp) has become increasingly important in people's lives. Whether on a personal, professional or social level, Plutarchia (wasp) has generated a significant impact on the way we live, work and relate. From its origins to the present, Plutarchia (wasp) has been the object of study, debate and admiration, becoming a topic of constant interest for researchers, specialists and enthusiasts. In this article, we will thoroughly explore the role of Plutarchia (wasp) in today's society, analyzing its effects, implications and possible future, with the aim of better understanding its influence on our lives.
| Plutarchia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Eurytomidae |
| Subfamily: | Eurytominae |
| Genus: | Plutarchia Girault, 1925 |
| Type species | |
| Plutarchia bicarinativentris | |
Plutarchia is a genus of chalcid wasp in the subfamily Eurytominae. Alexandre Arsène Girault first circumscribed the genus in 1925; its name honors Plutarch. The genus initially only comprised its type species, P. bicarinativentris, found in Australia. Subsequent species from South Asia and Nigeria have been described and transferred to Plutarchia.
Biology
Species in the genus Plutarchia are parasitoids of the puparia of leaf-miner flies.
Distribution
Species in the genus Plutarchia have been found in Africa, South Asia, and Australasia. Of the described species, one is from Africa, one is from Australia, and 11 are from South Asia.
Species
As of 2021, the Universal Chalcidoidea Database recognizes the following 13 species:
- Plutarchia bengalensis Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia bicarinativentris Girault, 1925
- Plutarchia carinata Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia fronta Narendran, 1994
- Plutarchia gastris Narendran, 1994
- Plutarchia giraulti Subba Rao, 1974
- Plutarchia gracillima (Dalla Torre, 1898)
- Plutarchia hayati Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia indefensa (Walker, 1860)
- Plutarchia keralensis Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia malabarica Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia marginata Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990
- Plutarchia neepalica Narendran, 1994
There are at least three additional undescribed species.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Girault, A. A. (1925). Indications (In New Insects) of Ruling Power and Law in Nature. Brisbane: Private publication. p. 3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Narendran, T.C. (1994). "Genus Plutarchia Girault". Torymidae and Eurytomidae of Indian Subcontinent. Kerala, India: Department of Zoology, University of Calicut. pp. 193–201.
- ^ Noyes, J. S. (March 2019). "Universal Chalcidoidea Database". Natural History Museum. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Narendran, T.C.; Padmasenan, R. (1990). "A Study on the Indian Species of Plutarchia Girault (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 87 (1): 114–122. ISSN 0006-6982.
- ^ Dahms, Edward Clive (1983). "A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 21 (1): 124.
- ^ a b Subba Rao, B. R. (1974). "Redescriptions of Plutarchia Girault and Axanthosoma Girault with the description of a new species of Plutarchia from Nigeria (Eurytomidae: Hymenoptera)". Journal of Entomology Series B, Taxonomy. 42 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1974.tb00075.x.
- ^ Motschoulsky, Victor de (1863). "Essai d'un Catalogue des Insectes de l'Île Ceylan (Suite)". Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou. 36 (3): 42.
- ^ Dalla Torre, C. G. de (1898). "Eurytoma". Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. V. Guilelmus Engelmann: Lipsia. p. 337.
- ^ Walker, F. (1860). "Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series. 6 (35): 358. doi:10.1080/00222936008697340.
Further reading
- Chen, Yan; Xiao, Hui; Fu, Jinzhong; Huang, Da-Wei (2004). "A molecular phylogeny of eurytomid wasps inferred from DNA sequence data of 28S, 18S, 16S, and COI genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 300–307. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00282-3. PMID 15019626.
- Lotfalizadeh, Hosseinali; Delvare, Gérard; Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 151 (3): 441–510. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00308.x.
- Bouček, Z (1988). Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International. ISBN 0-85198-607-2.
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