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Quinclorac

In this article, we will thoroughly explore Quinclorac and its impact on different areas of life. From its origins to its presence in today's society, Quinclorac has played a fundamental role in the way we interact, work and relate to the world around us. Through detailed analysis, we will examine the different perspectives and opinions regarding Quinclorac, as well as its evolution over time. This article seeks to provide a complete and multidimensional view of Quinclorac, allowing readers to better understand its importance and significance in various contexts.

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Quinclorac
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3,7-Dichloroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid
Other names
Quinchlorac
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.100.457 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C10H5Cl2NO2/c11-6-3-5-1-2-7(12)8(10(14)15)9(5)13-4-6/h1-4H,(H,14,15)
    Key: FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C10H5Cl2NO2/c11-6-3-5-1-2-7(12)8(10(14)15)9(5)13-4-6/h1-4H,(H,14,15)
    Key: FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYAE
  • O=C(O)c1c(Cl)ccc2cc(Cl)cnc12
Properties
C10H5Cl2NO2
Molar mass 242.06 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).

Quinclorac is an organic compound with the formula C9NH4Cl2CO2H. A colorless solid, it is soluble in hydrocarbons and alcohols. The compound is the carboxylic acid of 3,7-dichloroquinoline.

Applications

Quinclorac is an herbicide used primarily to control crabgrass.[1] It is found in some household herbicides for lawn use. Most[citation needed] lawn maintenance companies use the product for the control of annual grass weeds like crabgrass.

Quinclorac is a synthetic auxin.[2][3] Heap considers it to also have a cellulose herbicide action,[4] although some studies show quinclorac to have no cellulose action.[5]

Regulation and registration

Quinclorac is not approved to use in the European Union due to toxicity concerns.[6][7]

Resistance

Resistance to quinclorac is of concern in soybean cultivation. In rice, Graminaceous resistance is produced by the cytochrome enzyme CYP81A6.[8]

Further reading

  • Alonso-Simón, Ana; García-Angulo, Penélope; Mélida, Hugo; Encina, Antonio; Álvarez, Jesús M.; Acebes, José L. (2011). "The use of FTIR spectroscopy to monitor modifications in plant cell wall architecture caused by cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors". Mini Review. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 6 (8): 1104–1110. Bibcode:2011PlSiB...6.1104A. doi:10.4161/psb.6.8.15793. PMC 3260703. PMID 21791979.

References

  1. ^ Müller, Franz; Applebyki, Arnold P. (2011). "Weed Control, 2. Individual Herbicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.o28_o01. ISBN 9783527303854.
  2. ^ Grossmann, Klaus (1998). "Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides". Weed Science. 46 (6): 707–716. doi:10.1017/S004317450008975X. S2CID 89297943.
  3. ^ Grossmann, Klaus; Kwiatkowski, Jacek (2000). "The Mechanism of Quinclorac Selectivity in Grasses". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 66 (2): 83–91. doi:10.1006/pest.1999.2461. ISSN 0048-3575. S2CID 84092985.
  4. ^ Heap, Ian. "List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of Action (L/26)". International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  5. ^ Tresch, Stefan; Grossmann, Klaus (2003). "Quinclorac does not inhibit cellulose (cell wall) biosynthesis in sensitive barnyard grass and maize roots". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 75 (3): 73–78. doi:10.1016/s0048-3575(03)00013-0. ISSN 0048-3575. S2CID 84212641.Tresch, Stefan; Grossmann, Klaus (2003). "Erratum to "Quinclorac does not inhibit cellulose (cell wall) biosynthesis in sensitive barnyard grass and maize roots"". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 76 (2): 70–71. doi:10.1016/s0048-3575(03)00064-6. ISSN 0048-3575. S2CID 84794877.
  6. ^ "Quinclorac".
  7. ^ "Quinclorac (Ref: BAS 514H)".
  8. ^ Gaines, Todd A.; Duke, Stephen O.; Morran, Sarah; Rigon, Carlos A.G.; Tranel, Patrick J.; Küpper, Anita; Dayan, Franck E. (2020). "Mechanisms of Evolved Herbicide Resistance". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295 (30). Elsevier BV: 10307–10330. doi:10.1074/jbc.rev120.013572. PMC 7383398. PMID 32430396.
  • Quinclorac in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
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