The theme of Viral disease is a theme that has been present throughout human history. Since ancient times, Viral disease has been a source of study, discussion and reflection. Its importance transcends cultural, generational and geographical barriers, covering aspects as diverse as philosophy, science, politics, art and daily life. Over the centuries, Viral disease has been subject to multiple interpretations and has acquired different meanings depending on the context in which it is framed. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating universe of Viral disease, exploring its various facets and its relevance today.
Viral disease | |
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Other names | Viral infection |
Transmission electron micrograph of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions | |
Specialty | Infectious disease |
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.
Examples are the common cold, gastroenteritis and pneumonia.
Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family.[citation needed]
Human-infecting virus families offer rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists/virologists.[citation needed]
As a general rule, DNA viruses replicate within the cell nucleus while RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm. Exceptions are known to this rule: poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus (RNA viruses) replicate within the nucleus.[citation needed]
This group of analysts defined multiple categories of virus. Groups:[citation needed]
The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family:
Type | Family | Transmission | Diseases | Treatment | Prevention |
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Adenovirus | Adenoviridae | None |
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Coxsackievirus | Picornaviridae | None |
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Cytomegalovirus | Herpesviridae |
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Epstein–Barr virus | Herpesviridae | None |
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Hepatitis A virus | Picornaviridae | Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis) |
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Hepatitis B virus | Hepadnaviridae |
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Hepatitis C virus | Flaviviridae |
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Herpes simplex virus, type 1 | Herpesviridae |
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Herpes simplex virus, type 2 | Herpesviridae |
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HIV | Retroviridae |
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HAART, such as protease inhibitors and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors |
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Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) | Coronaviridae |
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Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) | Coronaviridae |
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Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) | Coronaviridae | ||||
Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) | Coronaviridae | ||||
Human herpesvirus, type 8 | Herpesviridae |
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many in evaluation-stage |
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Human papillomavirus | Papillomaviridae |
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Influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae |
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Measles virus | Paramyxoviridae | None |
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Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Coronaviridae |
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Mumps virus | Paramyxoviridae | None |
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Parainfluenza virus | Paramyxoviridae | None |
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Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | None |
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Rabies virus | Rhabdoviridae |
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Post-exposure prophylaxis |
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Respiratory syncytial virus | Pneumoviridae | (ribavirin) |
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Rubella virus | Togaviridae | None |
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) | Coronaviridae |
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) | Coronaviridae |
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Varicella-zoster virus | Herpesviridae |
Varicella:
Zoster:
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Varicella:
Zoster:
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