Foreign relations of Guinea

In this article we have decided to focus on the exciting world of Foreign relations of Guinea. From its origins to the present, Foreign relations of Guinea has been the subject of interest and debate in different areas. Over the years, Foreign relations of Guinea has generated countless opinions and theories that have contributed to enriching our knowledge on this topic. In this sense, we propose to explore in depth the different aspects that make Foreign relations of Guinea such a fascinating topic, addressing both its history and its relevance today. Through a detailed and contextualized analysis, we hope to offer the reader a complete and enlightening approach to Foreign relations of Guinea, providing new perspectives and keys to understanding its importance in today's world.

Politics of Guinea
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations

The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.

Diplomatic history

Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978. Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).[citation needed]

Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS. In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia. As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.

Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).

2009 ambassador recall

On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries. The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.

The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies. The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.

No reason was stated for the recall. The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008," raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.

In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).

2021 coup d'etat

The September 5, 2021 coup d'etat brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others. China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.

Further information: 2021 Guinean coup d'état

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1 Russia 4 October 1958
2 North Korea 8 October 1958
3 Vietnam 9 October 1958
4 Romania 14 November 1958
5 Albania 1958
6 Ghana 1958
7 Bulgaria 2 January 1959
8 Israel 12 January 1959
9 France 21 January 1959
10 United States 13 February 1959
11 Czech Republic 14 February 1959
12 Hungary 26 February 1959
13 Liberia 6 March 1959
14 United Kingdom 28 May 1959
15 Poland 29 June 1959
16 Germany 30 July 1959
17 China 4 October 1959
18 Serbia 10 November 1959
19 Italy 5 December 1959
20 Egypt 1959
21 Morocco 1959
22 Netherlands 1959
23 Belgium 28 January 1960
24 Mongolia 22 April 1960
25 Indonesia 27 April 1960
26 Lebanon 3 June 1960
27 India 8 July 1960
28 Switzerland 19 July 1960
29 Cuba 30 August 1960
30 Mali 3 March 1961
31 Ivory Coast 21 March 1961
32 Saudi Arabia 15 May 1961
33 Senegal 9 June 1961
34 Finland 19 July 1961
35 Norway 21 July 1961
36 Sudan 24 August 1961
37 Nigeria August 1961
38 Togo 7 September 1961
39 Sierra Leone 20 October 1961
40 Denmark 1 December 1961
41 Mexico 25 January 1962
42 Benin 26 February 1962
43 Niger 20 March 1962
44 Canada 28 March 1962
45 Ethiopia 22 June 1962
46 Tunisia 30 June 1962
47 Mauritania 15 August 1962
48 Japan 9 September 1962
49 Luxembourg 12 September 1962
50 Turkey 11 October 1962
51 Sweden 26 November 1962
52 Chile 26 August 1963
53 Cameroon 13 September 1963
54 Burkina Faso 1963
55 Pakistan 1963
56 Algeria 24 January 1964
57 Kuwait 12 March 1964
58 Argentina 8 September 1964
59 Iraq 18 October 1964
60 Syria 29 November 1964
61 Spain 10 February 1965
62 Venezuela 16 March 1965
63 Jordan 17 May 1966
64 Uganda 22 July 1966
65 Tanzania 22 December 1966
66 Austria 1966
67 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1966
68 Kenya 14 June 1967
69 Burundi 28 June 1967
70 Rwanda 28 June 1967
71 Zambia 10 November 1967
72 Libya 26 March 1968
73 Republic of the Congo 1 July 1968
74 Chad 29 August 1968
75 Guyana 8 June 1970
76 Iran 26 April 1971
77 Gambia 6 August 1971
78 Madagascar 26 December 1972
79 Panama 29 March 1973
80 Mauritius 29 October 1973
81 Trinidad and Tobago 1973
82 Bahrain 5 January 1974
83 Guinea-Bissau 12 February 1974
84 Brazil 4 September 1974
85 Peru 8 January 1975
86 Jamaica 30 January 1975
87 Mozambique 25 June 1975
88 Cape Verde 8 July 1975
89 Angola 11 November 1975
90 Gabon 30 October 1976
91 Equatorial Guinea 1977
92 Eswatini 1977
93 Greece 1977
94 Djibouti 7 August 1978
95 Seychelles 1978
96 Portugal 2 January 1979
97 Malta 30 March 1980
98 Zimbabwe 30 April 1980
99 Oman 17 February 1981
100 Comoros 11 August 1981
101 Laos 15 October 1981
102 Philippines 8 October 1982
103 Haiti 10 January 1983
104 Maldives 8 April 1983
105 Thailand 15 April 1983
106 Nicaragua 5 July 1983
107 Bangladesh 27 February 1985
— Holy See 21 June 1986
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta 24 June 1986
108 Qatar 1 January 1988
109 Colombia 30 September 1988
110 Sri Lanka 6 August 1991
111 Estonia 10 February 1992
112 Republic of Moldova 16 February 1992
113 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992
114 Belarus 4 April 1992
115 Kazakhstan 4 April 1992
116 Ukraine 4 April 1992
117 Lithuania 27 April 1992
118 Armenia 27 August 1992
119 Guatemala 12 February 1993
120 Slovakia 16 March 1993
121 Cambodia 6 June 1993
122 Uzbekistan 24 June 1993
123 Tajikistan 27 December 1993
124 Malaysia 1993
124 South Africa 16 February 1995
125 United Arab Emirates 2 June 1995
126 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 April 1996
127 Slovenia 11 December 1996
128 Latvia 17 January 1997
129 North Macedonia 28 November 1997
130 Croatia 8 December 1997
131 Georgia 31 July 1998
132 Namibia 18 September 2002
133 Iceland 14 May 2004
134 Australia 2004
135 South Korea 28 August 2006
136 Suriname 28 August 2006
137 Montenegro 17 November 2006
138 Botswana 20 April 2007
139 Uruguay 19 June 2007
140 Dominican Republic 28 September 2007
141 Costa Rica 1 October 2007
142 Ireland 30 June 2008
143 Fiji 27 January 2011
144 Solomon Islands 11 August 2011
145 Kyrgyzstan 8 September 2015
146 Liechtenstein 11 December 2015
147 Singapore 24 February 2016
148 New Zealand 20 April 2016
149 Nepal 12 May 2016
150 Myanmar 6 June 2017
151 Eritrea 8 February 2019
— Kosovo 20 February 2020
152 Bolivia Unknown
153 Brunei Unknown
154 Central African Republic Unknown
155 Cyprus Unknown
156 Ecuador Unknown
157 Lesotho Unknown
— State of Palestine Unknown
158 Sao Tome and Principe Unknown
159 South Sudan Unknown
160 Yemen Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Australia 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004
  • Australia and Guinea share close interests in the mining sector. They are the two largest bauxite producers in the world (see List of countries by bauxite production) and were founding signatories in the 1970s of the (now defunct) International Bauxite Agreement. Australian companies are involved in developing the Guinean mining sector.
  • Guinea is accredited to Australia, through its embassy in Tokyo.
  • Australia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Benin 26 February 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.
Canada 28 March 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1962
  • Canada is accredited to Guinea from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Ottawa.
Chad 29 August 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye
China 4 October 1959 See China–Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 4, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.

Comoros 11 August 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1981 when Ambassador of Guinea M. Moussa Doumbouya, has presented his credentials to President of Comoros M. Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane.
Republic of Congo 1 July 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1968 when Guinea's Ambassador to the Congo Republic, M. Fily Sissoko, presented his credentials to President Massamba-Debat.
Cote d'Ivoire 21 March 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1961,was were broken in September 1973 and re-established on 14 April 1978
France 21 January 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1959 and appointed M. Nobi Youla as first ambassador of Guinea to France and M. Francis Hure appointed as charge d'affaires of France to Guinea
  • France has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Paris.
Germany 30 July 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1959

See Germany–Guinea relations

  • Germany has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Berlin.
Ghana 1958
  • Guinea has an embassy in Accra, which was opened in 1958.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Conakry which is also accredited to Guinea-Bissau.
Haiti 10 January 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1983 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Haiti (resident in New York) Mr. Alpha Ibrahima Diallo presented his credentials to President Jean Claude Duvalier
Indonesia 27 April 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960
  • Indonesia's embassy in Dakar, Senegal is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is accredited to Indonesia.
Israel 12 January 1959 See Guinea–Israel relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1959. Guinea broke off diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967 They resumed diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016

Liberia 6 March 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia, which was opened in 1959.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
Malaysia 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
Mexico 25 January 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1962
  • Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Mexico is accredited to Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
Namibia 18 September 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Guinea to Namibia Mr. Alexandre CeCe Loua.
North Korea 8 October 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1958
  • North Korea has an embassy in Conakry.
Rwanda 28 June 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967 when Guinean ambassador to Rwanda M. Fily Cissoko, has presented his credentials to President Kiyibanda.
Serbia 10 November 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1959
  • Serbia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.


Sierra Leone 20 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1961 when Mr. Abdoul Karim , Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Guinea presented his credentials to President Sekou Toure.
Somalia
Republic of Korea 28 August 2006
  • Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Guinea were established on 28 August 2006. The number of South Koreans living in Guinea in 2011 was 70.
  • Guinea is accredited to South Korea, through its embassy in Tokyo.
  • South Korea is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
Sudan 24 August 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1961 when first Guinean Ambassador to Sudan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Seydou Diallo, presented his credentials to Presidenr Abbud
Turkey 11 October 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1962
  • Guinea has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 136.7 million USD in 2019.
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Conakry since January 30, 2017.
Uganda 22 July 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1966 when the Guinean Ambassador to Uganda, M. B. Biro, presented his credentials to President Obote.
United Arab Emirates 2 June 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1995
United States 13 February 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1959

See Guinea – United States relations

Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance.

After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years.

The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d'etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea's presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform." However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'etat, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea's other international partners to support the country..."

Vietnam 9 October 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1958
  • Guinea is the first country in Africa to establish formal diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
  • Vietnam's embassy in Rabat, Morocco is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Beijing, China is accredited to Vietnam.
Zambia 10 November 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1967 when the first Guinean Ambassador to Zambia , Mr. Fily Cissoko , presented his credentials to President Kaunda
Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.

See also

References

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