Lithium cyanide
In this article we will explore the impact of Lithium cyanide on different aspects of everyday life. From its influence on the economy to its relevance in the cultural sphere, Lithium cyanide has left a significant mark on contemporary society. Through in-depth analysis, we will examine how Lithium cyanide has shaped social dynamics and created new opportunities and challenges. Since its emergence, Lithium cyanide has sparked great interest and generated passionate debates, making it crucial to understand its importance and significance in today's world. Through a holistic view, this article seeks to shed light on the various facets of Lithium cyanide and its influence on different spheres of human life.
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.017.554 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 1935 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| LiCN | |||
| Molar mass | 32.959 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | White Powder | ||
| Density | 1.073 g/cm3 (18 °C) | ||
| Melting point | 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) | ||
| Boiling point | decomposes | ||
| Soluble | |||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
N/A | ||
| Structure | |||
| - | |||
| Fourfold | |||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling:[4] | |||
  
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| Danger | |||
| H226, H300, H310, H330, H410 | |||
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 57 °C (135 °F; 330 K) | ||
| N/A | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | 742899 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Sodium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, Hydrogen cyanide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
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Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white coloured, hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses.
Preparation
LiCN is produced from the reaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN:[5]
- (CH3)2C(OH)CN + LiOH → (CH3)2CO + LiCN + H2
Uses
The compound decomposes to cyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600 °C. Acids react to give hydrogen cyanide.[6]
Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation.[7]
- RX + LiCN → RCN + LiX
References
- ^ J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942), "The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide", Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 61, London: WILEY-VCH Verlag, pp. 244–252, doi:10.1002/recl.19420610402
- ^ Haynes, W.M (2013), "Bernard Lewis", in Bruno, Thomas. (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: Fitzroy Dearborn, archived from the original on 2017-07-24, retrieved 2012-12-09
- ^ Material Safety Data Sheet: Lithium Cyanide, 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999
- ^ "Lithium cyanide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ^ Livinghouse, Tom (1981). "Trimethylsilyl Cyanide: Cyanosilylation of p-Benzoquinone". Org. Synth. 60: 126. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0126.
- ^ L. Pesce (2010). "Cyanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–29. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0325011416051903.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0471238966.
- ^ Harusawa, Shinya; Yoneda, Ryuji; Omori, Yukie; Kurihara, Takushi (1987). "Non-aqueous cyanation of halides using lithium cyanide". Tetrahedron Letters. 28 (36). Elsevier: 4189–4190. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95575-8.