In today's article we are going to explore Old Anatolian Turkish in depth. From its origins to its relevance today, we will dive into a detailed analysis of this topic/person/date. Through different perspectives and expert opinions, we will seek to shed light on all aspects surrounding Old Anatolian Turkish. Additionally, we will examine its impact on society, its influence in various areas and its role in history. With a critical and exhaustive approach, we aim to offer our readers a complete and enriching vision of Old Anatolian Turkish, allowing them to expand their knowledge and understanding of this topic/person/date that is so relevant in today's world.
Old Anatolian Turkish | |
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تُركجَ | |
Native to | Anatolia |
Era | Emerged in Anatolia late 11th century. Developed into Early Ottoman Turkish and Ajem-Turkic c. 15th century |
Turkic
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Ottoman Turkish alphabet augmented with ḥarakāt | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
1ca Old Anatolian Turkish | |
Glottolog | None |
Old Anatolian Turkish (Turkish: Eski Anadolu Türkçesi) is the stage in the history of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish. It was written in the Arabic script. Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.
It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared a firman in an attempt to break the dominance of Persian:
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It has been erroneously assumed that the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language was created in Anatolia and that its authors transformed a primitive language into a literary medium by submitting themselves to Persian influence. In reality, the Oghuz Turks who came to Anatolia brought their own written language, literary traditions and models from Khwarezm and Transoxiana.
The Ajem Turkic language descended from Old Anatolian Turkish. Ajem Turkic started to form its shape in the Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu eras, and, especially, the Safavid era.
Following texts are excerpts of the Qabus-nama taken from Turan Fikret's Old Anatolian Turkish: Syntactic Structure (1996):
Old Anatolian Turkish | Ottoman Turkish (Kamus-ı Türkî spelling) |
Modern Turkish | English |
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گُزلٔر | كوزلر | gözler | eyes |
دَ | دده | dede | grandfather |
كُچُك | كوچك | küçük | little |
Letter | Modern Turkish | Letter | Modern Turkish |
---|---|---|---|
ا | a, e, i | ص | s |
ب | b | ض | d |
پ | p | ط | t |
ت | t | ظ | z |
ث | s | ع | a |
ج | c | غ | ğ, g |
چ | ç | ف | f |
ح | h | ق | k |
خ | h | ك | k |
د | d | ل | l |
ذ | d, z | م | m |
ر | r | ن | n |
ز | z | و | o, ö, u, ü, v |
ژ | j | ه | h |
س | s | لا | la, le |
ش | ş | ى | i, y, ı |
His ally the Qaramanid Muhammad (r. 660–77/1261–78) did capture Konya in 675/1276 and attempted to replace Persian with Turkish as the official government language.
Persian language and culture were actually so popular and dominant in this period that in the late 14th century, Moḥammad (Meḥmed) Bey, the founder and the governing head of the Qaramanids, published an official edict to end this supremacy, saying that: "The Turkish language should be spoken in courts, palaces, and at official institutions from now on!"