In this article we will explore Wagaydyic languages from different perspectives, addressing its importance, its effects and its influence on today's society. Wagaydyic languages is a topic that has captured the interest of researchers, professionals and the general public, due to its impact on our lives. From its origin to its evolution today, Wagaydyic languages has been the subject of debate and reflection in various areas, being considered a key element in understanding the contemporary world. Through this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of Wagaydyic languages, analyzing its various facets and its role in the current context.
Wagaydyic | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Daly River |
Linguistic classification | Northern Daly ? |
Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | None wadj1254 (covered by Wadjiginy) |
The Wagaydyic languages (nowadays more often referred to as the Anson Bay languages) are a pair of closely related but otherwise unclassified Australian Aboriginal languages: the moribund Wadjiginy (also known as Wagaydy and Batjamalh) and the extinct Kandjerramalh (Pungupungu).
Tryon (1980) notes that the two languages are 79% cognate based on a 200-item wordlist, but there are serious grammatical differences that prevent them from being considered dialects of a single language.
The unattested Giyug may have been a dialect of Wadjiginy or otherwise related.
The Wagaydyic languages have previously been classified with Malak-Malak into a Northern Daly family, but similarities appear to be due to lexical and morphological borrowing from Malak-Malak, at least in Wadjiginy.[citation needed]
The following basic vocabulary items of Wadjiginy and Pungupungu are from Tryon (1968).
no. | gloss | Wadjiginy | Pungupungu |
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1 | head | biǰæ | pœǰæ |
2 | hair | mæræbiǰæ | mæræpœǰæ |
3 | eyes | mibæ | mibæ |
4 | nose | wiǰa | wuǰæ |
5 | ear | bibara | pibæræ |
6 | tooth | diRæ | diRæ |
7 | tongue | ŋadal | ŋadal |
8 | shoulder | čælmæ | čælmæ |
9 | elbow | čin | čin |
10 | hand | ŋælæ | ŋælæ |
11 | breasts | wiŋ | wïŋ |
12 | back | bæbæra | raɲ |
13 | belly | dawara | wunæ |
14 | navel | ǰœrač | čœrač |
15 | heart | čœnmanaǰ | dœpmadœpma |
16 | urine | kæwælæč | kawalač |
17 | excrete | guk | kuk |
18 | thigh | bælæm | pædlæm |
19 | leg | kæræl | kæræl |
20 | knee | karaŋok | miraŋok |
21 | foot | čœt | čœt |
22 | skin | yæræɲ | yæræɲ |
23 | fat | wudæwæl | wœdawæl |
24 | blood | kawæɲ | kawaɲ |
25 | bone | bwik | bwik |
26 | man | ŋanaŋ | ŋanaŋ |
27 | woman | ŋawolaŋ | ŋawalaŋ |
28 | father | bapa | papalak |
29 | mother | kalaŋ | kalaŋ |
30 | grandmother | makaŋ | æčæ |
31 | policeman | wænæn | dukmækæ |
32 | spear | wælæra | wælæræ |
33 | woomera | kalan | kalan |
34 | boomerang | wiɲiŋgiɲ | wïɲïŋgïɲ |
35 | nullanulla | langur | langur |
36 | hair-belt | bulkaŋ | pulkaŋ |
37 | canoe | wutïŋge | winæ |
38 | axe | ličpuruk | ličpurp |
39 | dilly bag | wargade | waRgade |
40 | fire | wiɳ | win |
41 | smoke | wïɳgal | wungæl |
42 | water | wiyïk | wik |
43 | cloud | guk | pærk |
44 | rainbow | banaŋak | pulipuli |
45 | barramundi | pænŋat | pænŋæt |
46 | sea | ŋalgïn | ŋalgïn |
47 | river | čakaR | wikmagat |
48 | stone | maŋ | maŋ |
49 | ground | wut | wut |
50 | track | kal | kæl |
51 | dust | bœnaŋ | pœnaŋ |
52 | sun | gæyïk | kayïk |
53 | moon | kara | kalakkalak |
54 | star | mœrtæ | mœrta |
55 | night | ŋuraǰa | ŋurïnǰe |
56 | tomorrow | yiɲmæk | yiɲmæk |
57 | today | ŋaR | ŋær |
58 | big | pamalaŋ | pamalaŋ |
59 | possum | čædæræč | čaǰɛdač |
60 | dog | moyiɲ | moyiɲ |
61 | tail | kalpæ | kælpæ |
62 | meat | mæǰæm | mæǰæm |
63 | snake | kulgamalaŋ | walan |
64 | red kangaroo | muǰ | kænga |
65 | porcupine | nïminïŋač | mænɛŋɛč |
66 | emu | ŋœrœn | ŋœrœčul |
67 | crow | wak | wak |
68 | goanna | ŋaran | ŋaran |
69 | blue tongue lizard | bwikmidaŋ | wirič |
70 | mosquito | wœRaŋ | wœraŋ |
71 | sugar-bag | činæɲ | činiɲ |
72 | camp | rak | ræk |
73 | black | kalalk | kalalk |
74 | white | baybaymalaŋ | baybaymalaŋ |
75 | red | wïrewïre | wurewure |
76 | one | ŋanǰič | ŋanǰič |
77 | two | bakatamalaŋ | parkataŋgæɲ |
78 | when? | ænæɲ | anikinæ |
79 | what? | ɲinič | ɲinič |
80 | who? | naga | naga |
81 | I | ŋaǰa | ŋæǰæ |
82 | you | kænæ | kænæ |
83 | he | ǰamoyič | čamoyič |
84 | grass | wœrak | wœrak |
85 | vegetable food | mænæɲ | mænæɲ |
86 | tree | wiɳ | wiɳ |
87 | leaf | kalkal | kalkal |
88 | pandanus | ɲïŋarač | nurač |
89 | ironwood | mælæ | mælæ |
90 | ripe | baramuŋ | paramuŋ |
91 | good | čarakɔ | čarakɔ |
92 | bad | čalkma | čalkma |
93 | blind | kulyuk | kuluk |
94 | deaf | ŋamama | ŋamama |
95 | saliva | wudak | wudak |