In this article we will explore the topic of Papuan Gulf languages, which has captured the attention of experts and enthusiasts alike. Since its inception, Papuan Gulf languages has been the subject of great interest and debate, generating a wide range of opinions and theories. Throughout history, Papuan Gulf languages has proven to be a relevant element in various areas, from science and technology to culture and the arts. Through this article, we propose to analyze in depth the multiple aspects surrounding Papuan Gulf languages, thus providing the reader with a broad and complete vision of this fascinating topic.
This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. (July 2021) |
Papuan Gulf | |
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(proposed) | |
Geographic distribution | Papuan Gulf, southern Papua New Guinea |
Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | None |
Map: The Papuan Gulf languages of New Guinea
The Papuan Gulf languages
Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The Papuan Gulf languages are a proposed language family of Papuan languages spoken inland from the large gulf that defines the shape of southern Papua New Guinea.
The lexical data below is from the Trans-New Guinea database and Usher (2020), unless noted otherwise. Neighboring languages not traditionally classified within Papuan Gulf are also included for comparison.
family | language | head | hair | ear | eye | nose | tooth | tongue | leg | blood | bone | skin | breast |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *kobutu; *kV(mb,p)utu; *mUtUna; *mVtVna | *iti; *(nd,s)umu(n,t); *zumun | *ka(nd,t)(i,e)C; *kat(i,e)C; *tVmV(d) | *g(a,u)mu; *ŋg(a,u)mu; *(ŋg,k)iti ; *nVpV | *mundu; *mutu | *magata; *maŋgat; *titi | *balaŋ; *mbilaŋ; *me(l,n)e; *me(n,l)e | *kani(n); *k(a,o)ond(a,o)C; *kitu | *ke(ñj,s)a; *kesa | *kondaC; *kwata(l,n) | *gatapu; *(ŋg,k)a(nd,t)apu | *amu |
Kamula | Kamula | dokupala; tɔkɔnʌlʌ | kokosasi; kɔkɔsʌse | molo; mɔlɔ | inʌma; inoma | mu; mũ | ɛpe | te; tɛ | ɛtɛ; hetei | umali; umʌ:li | ɛľu; ɛro | kapala; kʌpʌlʌ | mɛmɛ |
Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | bisikoki; bisikɔki; dagata; dapokala | bisikaka; bisi kaka | kosoropa; kosořopa; kɔsɔrɔpa | usa | deimu; demu | beserepa; beseřepa | metata; mɛtɛtʌ; mɛtɛta | tupa | balipa; baripa; memere | ki | baua | bu; burukopa |
Doso-Turumsa | Doso | abaki | abuluso | apu | usa | bulu | da | ithi | sʌřei | omani | khi | bʌli | toka |
Tabo | Tabo | wato | hinibó; hinibɔ | galo | ba ͥdi; baidi | dopo; dɔ:pɔ | lalo; lolo | mɛlpila; merapira | nato | hawi; haᵘwi | goha; goha: | tama | nono |
Porome | Porome | kikimi | kikimikuro | obokera | ipiri | urubi | koropi | beri | warakero | eimuro | |||
Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati | *mab | *bt | *go̝ | *isĩ | *ju | *magu | *tãᵋ | *tab | *sõ̝ | |||
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | *tobo | *nii | *odzo | *ge | *gun… | *kamina | *dii | *wadz | *ame | |||
Pawaia | Pawaia | mu | muse; sị | nȩᶦ; nɛ̣i | to; toᵘ | ho; họ | su | ha̧pi; hɛmina | hɛ; si̧ʔi̧ | sɛni; su̧ | džɛmɛ; yɛmi | hɛʔȩ; hɛi | ɛmi |
Purari | Purari | uku | kimari | keporo | inamu | pina | niʔiri | anae | ari | aro | laʔaro | kape | ame |
Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | aro | uʔumo | oʔi | ere | noʔi | huʔu | anara | fera | ivare | uki | ame |
family | language | louse | dog | pig | bird | egg | tree | sun | moon | water | fire | stone | path |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *niman | *n(e,i); *n(e)i; *ni; *yak; *yaka; *yanem | *maŋgV; *munaka; *mun(a,u)ka | *ida; *inda ~ *iñja | *kamali; *kamuli; *ketana | *kal(a,i)m; *kamali; *takVn; *takVn | *nok; *(n)ok; *ok(u); *ok | *inda; *k(a,e)dap; *k(a,e)(n,d)ap; *kambu; *k(a,o)nd(a,u)p | *kamb(a,u)na; *(na)muna; *muna | |||
Kamula | Kamula | iyʌ; iya | ɛsemala; esemʌlʌ | ʌľiʌ | tea | temoko; temɔkɔ | dali; tʌli | sali; sʌľi | mama; mʌmʌ | yu | deľʌpʌ; dřaƀa | ewʌľʌ; yawařa | api |
Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | pe | sapo | apo | meta; mɛta | kwapa; motakapa | besa; bosa | male; nane | iliɛpɛ; irepe | daia; daiya | betate; darau; dařau | kaɔ; kɔ | iti |
Doso-Turumsa | Doso | amu | khasa | nɛna | sɩkĩ | wõnõ | gu | khikha | ři | umu | dɩki | kɔ | |
Tabo | Tabo | tamani | gaha | hola; hola: | kikipo | ke'ha; kɛha | kadepa; kadɛpa | manome; manomi | bea | koe; kue: | -nadi; naki | gabo | |
Porome | Porome | kumi | bobi | kumi | kubi | eri ipiro | omeri tero | ubi | erei | kumapi | meri | ||
Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati | *gutɔm | *gas | *gɔn | *gaᵋ | *dum | *i | *ɛsɔa | *wẽ̝ | *i | *dɛⁱ | ||
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | *jwi | *kibu | *ba | *ge | *ni | *sg | *wẽi | *si | *tũ | |||
Pawaia | Pawaia | po; poř | hạ; hɛ̧ | ya | deř; ge | ge džu; yo | i̧; in | ol; olsuɛ; sia | we; wɛ | sa | sia | tobu; topu | sụ |
Purari | Purari | kaeriʔi | oroko | nako | munu | iri | lare | ia | ere | iau | rore | ||
Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | saruta | evera | mini | mini umu | oproro | lare | fuiya | haime | aiyeʔi | ere |
family | language | man | woman | name | eat | one | two |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *abV; *ambi | *panV; *pan(V) | *ibi; *imbi; *wani | *na; *na- | *ta(l,t)(a,e) | |
Kamula | Kamula | ɔpɔlʌimi; opřami | eya; ɛ̃yã | hi | dampřoma; tʌɛdɔma | hatropɛ; hʌtɔlɔp | dapiamɛtɛ; depiʌmɛtɛ |
Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | sau | tawa͗e; tawoi; tawɔi | yo | na- | makate | ařapa |
Doso-Turumsa | Doso | haimo | dobo | samu | nane | ||
Tabo | Tabo | dubu; tubu | kamena | mahiro; mahiřo | hɛna; nɛ:na | kapia | nete'ewa |
Porome | Porome | moia | eria | ||||
Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati | *e̝ne̝ne̝n | *t | ||||
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | *so | *nV- | *me | |||
Pawaia | Pawaia | džʌʔla; yala | oi; u | hɛʔɛpi; hopi | hatisụɛ; ti haʔayɛ | pɛʔɛmi; pomi | naʔau; nau |
Purari | Purari | vake | aʔe | noe | navai | monou | leʔeo |
Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | aru | aʔu | iru | muake | okiao | uʔungka |