Today, the topic of 1866 Swiss federal election is of great relevance and interest to a wide spectrum of society. From its impact on the economy to its influence on people's daily lives, 1866 Swiss federal election has generated debate and reflection in various areas. As we move into the 21st century, we cannot ignore the importance of 1866 Swiss federal election and its complex relationship with other aspects of modern life. In this article we will explore different perspectives and approaches on 1866 Swiss federal election , analyzing its meaning, implications and possible challenges. Through detailed analysis, we hope to discover new ideas and perspectives that will help us better understand the role 1866 Swiss federal election plays in our world today.
The 47 electoral districts
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 28 October 1866. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council .
Electoral system
The 128 members of the National Council were elected in 47 single- and multi-member constituencies; there was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. The elections were held using a three-round system ; candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. In six cantons (Appenzell Innerrhoden , Appenzell Ausserrhoden , Glarus , Nidwalden , Obwalden and Uri ), National Council members were elected by the Landsgemeinde .
Results
National Council
Voter turnout was highest in the Canton of Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 86.3% and lowest in the Canton of Schwyz at 18.7%.
Party Votes % Seats +/– Radical Left 39.6 53 –6 Liberal Centre 28.4 39 +2 Catholic Right 17.0 21 0 Democratic Left 10.5 11 +5 Evangelical Right 2.9 4 –1 Independents 1.6 0 0 Total 128 0 Total votes 284,020 – Registered voters/turnout 561,669 50.57 Source: BFS
By constituency
Constituency
Seats
Party
Seats won
Elected members
Zürich 1
4
Liberal Centre
3
Jakob Dubs
Alfred Escher
Johann Jakob Treichler
Democratic Left
1
Hans Rudolf Zangger
Zürich 2
3
Liberal Centre
3
Johann Heinrich Fierz
Heinrich Honegger
Johann Jakob Widmer
Zürich 3
3
Liberal Centre
2
Heinrich Grunholzer
Eduard Suter
Democratic Left
1
Johann Jakob Sulzer
Zürich 4
3
Democratic Left
2
Friedrich Scheuchzer
Jakob Fehr
Liberal Centre
1
Rudolf Benz
Bern 5
4
Radical Left
4
Carl Samuel Zyro
Friedrich Seiler
Johann Jakob Karlen
Jakob Scherz
Bern 6
4
Evangelical Right
4
Otto von Büren
Rudolf Brunner
August von Gonzenbach
Samuel Steiner
Bern 7
4
Radical Left
4
Karl Karrer
Samuel Lehmann
Ludwig Wyss
Karl Schenk
Bern 8
4
Radical Left
4
Johann Bützberger
Johann Rudolf Vogel
Johann Weber
Jakob Leuenberger
Bern 9
3
Radical Left
3
Eduard Marti
Jakob Stämpfli
Friedrich Eggli
Bern 10
4
Radical Left
4
Édouard Carlin
Niklaus Kaiser
Cyprien Revel
Paul Migy
Lucerne 11
2
Liberal Centre
1
Josef Martin Knüsel
Radical Left
1
Josef Bucher
Lucerne 12
2
Catholic Right
2
Philipp Anton von Segesser
Vinzenz Fischer
Lucerne 13
3
Radical Left
3
Anton Wapf
Anton Hunkeler
Hans Theiler
Uri 14
1
Catholic Right
1
Josef Arnold
Schwyz 15
2
Catholic Right
1
Karl Styger
Liberal Centre
1
Josef Anton Eberle
Obwalden 16
1
Catholic Right
1
Simon Ettlin
Nidwalden 17
1
Catholic Right
1
Alois Wyrsch
Glarus 18
2
Liberal Centre
1
Joachim Heer
Radical Left
1
Peter Jenny II
Zug 19
1
Liberal Centre
1
Wolfgang Henggeler
Fribourg 20
3
Catholic Right
3
Louis de Weck
Laurent Chaney
Alfred Vonderweid
Fribourg 21
2
Catholic Right
2
Pierre-Théodule Fracheboud
Louis de Wuilleret
Solothurn 22
3
Radical Left
2
Simon Kaiser
Benedikt von Arx
Catholic Right
1
Franz Bünzli
Basel-Stadt 23
2
Liberal Centre
1
Johann Jakob Stehlin
Radical Left
1
Wilhelm Klein
Basel-Landschaft 24
3
Radical Left
2
Jakob Joseph Adam
Stephan Gutzwiller
Liberal Centre
1
Johann Jakob Baader
Schaffhausen 25
2
Liberal Centre
1
Friedrich Peyer im Hof
Democratic Left
1
Wilhelm Joos
Appenzell Ausserrhoden 26
2
Liberal Centre
1
Adolf Friedrich Zürcher
Radical Left
1
Johann Ulrich Meyer
Appenzell Innerhoden 27
1
Catholic Right
1
Alois Broger
St. Gallen 28
3
Liberal Centre
1
Johann Baptist Weder
Catholic Right
1
Johannes Zündt
Democratic Left
1
Friedrich Bernet
St. Gallen 29
3
Democratic Left
2
Gallus August Suter
Johann Baptist Gaudy
Liberal Centre
1
Josef Leonhard Bernold
St. Gallen 30
3
Radical Left
1
Carl Georg Jakob Sailer
Johann M. Hungerbühler
Democratic Left
1
Georg Friedrich Anderegg
Grisons 31
2
Radical Left
1
Johann Gaudenz von Salis
Liberal Centre
1
Simeon Bavier
Grisons 32
2
Catholic Right
1
Johann R. von Toggenburg
Radical Left
1
Alois de Latour
Grisons 33
1
Liberal Centre
1
Andreas Rudolf von Planta
Aargau 34
3
Liberal Centre
3
Friedrich Frey-Herosé
Carl Feer-Herzog
Adolf Fischer
Aargau 35
4
Liberal Centre
3
Samuel Schwarz
Theodor Bertschinger
Alois Isler
Radical Left
1
Peter Suter
Aargau 36
3
Radical Left
2
Friedrich Joseph Bürli
Augustin Keller
Liberal Centre
1
Fridolin Schneider
Thurgau 37
5
Democratic Left
2
Philipp Gottlieb Labhardt
Fridolin Anderwert
Radical Left
1
Johann Ludwig Sulzberger
Liberal Centre
1
Johann Messmer
Catholic Right
1
Augustin Ramsperger
Ticino 38
3
Radical Left
2
Costantino Bernasconi
Carlo Battaglini
Catholic Right
1
Giovanni Polar
Ticino 39
3
Catholic Right
1
Michele Pedrazzini
Liberal Centre
1
Luigi Rusca
Radical Left
1
Giovanni Jauch
Vaud 40
4
Radical Left
2
Victor Ruffy
Louis Ruchonnet
Liberal Centre
2
Charles Cossy
Paul Cérésole
Vaud 41
4
Radical Left
2
Constant Fornerod
Abram-Daniel Meystre
Liberal Centre
2
Jean-Louis Demiéville
Charles Bontems
Vaud 42
3
Radical Left
3
Louis-Henri Delarageaz
Charles Baud
Henri Reymond
Valais 43
2
Catholic Right
2
Alexis Allet
Hans Anton von Roten
Valais 44
1
Catholic Right
1
Maurice Evéquoz
Valais 45
2
Radical Left
2
Louis Barman
Maurice-Antoine Cretton
Neuchâtel 46
4
Radical Left
4
Alexis-Marie Piaget
Jules Philippin
Henri Grandjean
Ami Girard
Geneva 47
4
Liberal Centre
4
Philippe Camperio
François-Jules Pictet
Charles Friderich
Albert Wessel
Source: Gruner
Council of States
Party Seats +/– Catholic Right 14 –3 Liberal Centre 13 0 Radical Left 12 +3 Democratic Left 1 +1 Evangelical Right 0 0 Independents 2 –2 Vacant 2 +2 Total 44 0 Source: The Federal Assembly
References