Dzongkha Braille has been the subject of interest and debate for a long time. Its impact on society and daily life is undeniable, and its relevance has transcended into different areas. This article seeks to explore Dzongkha Braille in depth, analyzing its origins, evolution and possible future implications. Throughout these pages, different aspects related to Dzongkha Braille will be addressed, from its historical importance to its influence in the contemporary world. In addition, different perspectives on Dzongkha Braille will be analyzed, showing its complexity and potential to generate discussions and reflections in different areas. This article aims to provide a complete and enriching vision of Dzongkha Braille, inviting the reader to delve deeper into this relevant and significant topic.
Dzongkha Braille Bhutanese Braille | |
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Script type | |
Print basis | Tibetan alphabet |
Languages | Dzongkha |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
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Dzongkha Braille or Bhutanese Braille, is the braille alphabet for writing Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan. It is based on English braille, with some extensions from international usage. As in print, the vowel a is not written.
Despite Dzongkha and Tibetan using nearly the same alphabet in print, the braille alphabets differ radically, with Tibetan Braille closer to German conventions and assigned letter values according to different sound correspondences.
Consonant | ka | kha | ga | nga | ca | cha | ja | nya |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ཀ | ཁ | ག | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཉ | |
Braille |
Consonant | ta | tha | da | na | pa | pha | ba | ma |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ཏ | ཐ | ད | ན | པ | ཕ | བ | མ | |
Braille |
Consonant | tsa | tsha | dza | wa | zha | za | 'a | ya |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ཙ | ཚ | ཛ | ཝ | ཞ | ཟ | འ | ཡ | |
Braille |
Consonant | ra | la | sha | sa | ha | a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ར | ལ | ཤ | ས | ཧ | ཨ | |
Braille |
The reversed letters used in Sanskrit loanwords are indicated with the diacritic ⠐:
The vowel "a" is inherent in a consonant letter, and is not written explicitly. Other vowels are written after a consonant as in English Braille. When a vowel occurs at the beginning of a word, the vowel letter is carried by a null consonant ཨ ⟨⠁⟩:
Vowels | a | i | u | e | o |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Print (on ཨ ) |
ཨ | ཨི | ཨུ | ཨེ | ཨོ |
Braille | |||||
ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | |
Print (on ཀ ) |
ཀ | ཀི | ཀུ | ཀེ | ཀོ |
Braille |
Sanskrit vowel-marking includes:
as in ཀིཿ ⠅⠊⠸⠪ kiḥ, ཀོྃ ⠅⠕⠰⠳ koṃ.
It's not clear how conjuncts are indicated. However, the conjunct ཀྵ ⠅⠘⠐⠩ kṣa in Sanskrit loans suggests that the 45 points ⠘ conjoin two consonants.
Digits are as in English Braille. Native punctuation (syllable divider, comma, stop) is:
་ | ། | ༎ | |
Braille |
Roman punctuation differs from that of English Braille. The question and exclamation marks, for example, are prefixed by a point 6, ⠠⠦ and ⠠⠖.
, | ? | ! | ; | : | . | ... | - | / | * | |
Braille |
“ ... ” | ( ... ) | { ... } | ||
Braille | ... | ... | ... | ... |