Punjabi Braille
Today we are going to delve into the world of Punjabi Braille, a topic that has been the subject of interest and debate in different areas over time. Punjabi Braille has aroused the curiosity and fascination of many people due to its importance in today's society. Throughout history, Punjabi Braille has played a fundamental role in different contexts, from politics and culture to science and technology. Throughout this article, we will explore the importance of Punjabi Braille, as well as its impact on society at large. Additionally, we will look at how Punjabi Braille has evolved over time and how it has influenced our lives in ways we may not have considered before. Get ready to enter the fascinating world of Punjabi Braille!
| Punjabi Braille Gurmukhi Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Print basis | Gurmukhi alphabet |
| Languages | Punjabi language |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Indic | |
Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.
Alphabet
The alphabet is as follows: Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order. For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.
| Gurmukhi | ਅ | ਆ | ਇ | ਈ | ਉ | ਊ | ਏ | ਐ | ਓ | ਔ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | ē | e | ō | o |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠁ | ⠜ | ⠊ | ⠔ | ⠥ | ⠳ | ⠑ | ⠌ | ⠕ | ⠪ |
| Gurmukhi | ਕ | ਖ | ਗ | ਘ | ਙ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠅ | ⠨ | ⠛ | ⠣ | ⠬ |
| Gurmukhi | ਚ | ਛ | ਜ | ਝ | ਞ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | c | ch | j | jh | ñ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠉ | ⠡ | ⠚ | ⠴ | ⠒ |
| Gurmukhi | ਟ | ਠ | ਡ | ਢ | ਣ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | ṇ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠾ | ⠺ | ⠫ | ⠿ | ⠼ |
| Gurmukhi | ਤ | ਥ | ਦ | ਧ | ਨ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | t | th | d | dh | n |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠞ | ⠹ | ⠙ | ⠮ | ⠝ |
| Gurmukhi | ਪ | ਫ | ਬ | ਭ | ਮ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | p | ph | b | bh | m |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠏ | ⠖ | ⠃ | ⠘ | ⠍ |
| Gurmukhi | ਯ | ਰ | ਲ | ਵ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | y | r | l | v |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠽ | ⠗ | ⠇ | ⠧ |
| Gurmukhi | ਸ | ਹ | ੜ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | s | h | ṛ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (inline) | ⠎ | ⠓ | ⠻ |
Pointing
The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:
| Gurmukhi | ਖ਼ | ਗ਼ | ਜ਼ | ਫ਼ | ਲ਼ | ਸ਼ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | x | ġ | z | f | ḷ | ś |
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠭ | ⠐⠛ | ⠵ | ⠋ | ⠸ | ⠩ |
Codas
Points are used for syllable codas.
| Gurmukhi | ਕ੍ | ਕਂ | ਕਃ | ਕਁ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diacritics | Halant | Anusvara | Visarga | Candrabindu | ||||
| Braille (Image) |  |
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| Braille (Inline) | ⠈ | ⠰ | ⠠ | ⠄ | ||||
Punctuation
See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.
References
- ^ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, −2013
- ^ UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
- ^ Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.