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Motu language

In today's article, we will explore the fascinating world of Motu language. From its origins to its impact on modern society, we will delve into its history, evolution and relevance in today's world. Motu language is a topic that has aroused interest and curiosity over time, and throughout this article, we will try to shed light on its most significant aspects. With expert interviews, in-depth analysis and practical examples, we aim to offer a comprehensive and insightful view of Motu language, so that our readers can expand their knowledge and better understand its importance in different contexts. Get ready to enter a world of discoveries and reflections on Motu language!

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Motu
Pure Motu, True Motu
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionCentral Province
EthnicityMotuan
Native speakers
39,000 (2008)[1]
Latin script (Motu alphabet)
Motu Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3meu
Glottologmotu1246

Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is a Central Papuan Tip language that is spoken by the Motuans, an indigenous ethnic group of Papua New Guinea. It is commonly used today in the region, particularly around the capital, Port Moresby.

A simplified form of Motu developed as a trade language in the Papuan region, in the southeast of the main island of New Guinea, originally known as Police Motu, and today known as Hiri Motu. After Tok Pisin and English, Hiri Motu was at the time of independence the third most commonly spoken of the more than 800 languages of Papua New Guinea, although its use has been declining for some years, mainly in favour of Tok Pisin.

Motu is classified as one of the Malayo-Polynesian languages and bears some linguistic similarities to Polynesian and Micronesian languages.

Phonology

Motu is a typical Austronesian language in that it is heavily vowel-based. Every Motu syllable ends in a vowel sound — this may be preceded by a single consonant (there are no "consonant clusters"). Vowel sounds may be either monophthongs (consisting of a single basic sound) or diphthongs (consisting of more than one basic sound).

There are only five vowel sounds /a, e, i, o, u/;[2] Motu diphthongs are written and pronounced as combinations of two vowels. The sounds oi and oe, ai and ae, au and ao (approximately like English boy, high, cow), and r and l are distinguished in Motu but not in Hiri Motu.[3] There is no letter f; when it occurs in loan words, it is usually represented as p.

Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
plain labialized
Stop voiceless p t k kʷ
voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ
Fricative v s ɣ h
Nasal m n
Approximant l
Flap ɺ
  • Taylor (1970) claims that the velar stops and fricative are advanced before front vowels or retracted before back vowels.[4]

Motu Braille has the usual letter assignments apart from ḡ, which is ⠿.[unreliable source?][5]

Notes

  1. ^ Motu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Taylor 1970, pp. 241–242.
  3. ^ Wurm & Harris 1963, p. 1.
  4. ^ Taylor 1970, pp. 239–240.
  5. ^ Unesco reports the language as simply "Motu", but Ethnologue 17 only notes braille usage for Hiri Motu. However, Hiri Motu does not have the letter ḡ.

References

  • Taylor, Andrew J. (1970). Syntax and phonology of Motu: a transformational approach (PhD thesis). Australian National University.
  • Wurm, S.A.; Harris, J.B. (1963). Police Motu. Canberra: SIL International.

Further reading

  • Brett, Richard; Brown, Raymond; Brown, Ruth; Foreman, Velma (1962). A Survey of Motu and Police Motu. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International.
  • Dutton, Tom (1985). Police Motu: Iena Sivarai (its story). Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea Press.
  • Lister-Turner, R; Clark, J.B. (1931). Chatterton, P. (ed.). A Dictionary of the Motu Language of Papua (2nd ed.). Sydney: Government Printer.
Motu language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
For a list of words relating to Motu language, see the Motu language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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