In this article, we are going to delve into People's Police (China), a topic that has aroused great interest in today's society. People's Police (China) is a concept that has gained relevance in various fields, from science to popular culture, and its influence has spread significantly in recent times. Along these lines, we will explore the different facets and dimensions of People's Police (China), analyzing its impact on everyday life, its relevance in the academic field, as well as its presence in technology and entertainment. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we aim to shed light on People's Police (China) and offer a comprehensive view of this phenomenon that has captured the attention of numerous individuals and groups in contemporary society.
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People's Police of China 中国人民警察 Zhōngguó Rénmín Jǐngchá | |
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Common name | People's Police (人民警察) |
Abbreviation | 民警; Mínjǐng; 'People's Police' |
Motto | "对党忠诚, 服务人民, 执法公正, 纪律严明" ("Be loyal to the party, serve the people, be impartial in law enforcement, and strict in discipline") |
Agency overview | |
Formed | 19 October 1949 |
Employees | 1.8–1.9 million |
Annual budget | $110 billion (est. 2019) |
Jurisdictional structure | |
National agency (Operations jurisdiction) | People's Republic of China |
Operations jurisdiction | People's Republic of China |
Legal jurisdiction | People's Republic of China |
Primary governing body | Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |
Secondary governing body | Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission |
Constituting instrument |
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General nature | |
Operational structure | |
Overseen by | National Supervisory Commission |
Headquarters | Beijing |
Official responsible |
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Agency executives |
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Parent agency | Ministry of Public Security Ministry of State Security Ministry of Justice Supreme People's Court Supreme People's Procuratorate |
Facilities | |
Stations | 5,000 (est.) |
Notables | |
Anniversary |
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Website | |
MPS: www MSS: www |
China portal |
The People's Police (Chinese: 人民警察; pinyin: Rénmín Jǐngchá) is the national civilian police force of the People's Republic of China.: 120 Police in China have a variety of roles in addition to enforcing the law, they are also responsible for the maintenance of social stability (维护社会稳定; Wéihù Shèhùi Wěndìng), and in this sense policing in China performs not just a law enforcement function but a political function as well. The majority of national police forces are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS).
Over the years, the power of the police has gradually been expanded to border control, under the auspices of the China Immigration Inspection (CII), household registration, issuance of the National ID card (see: Resident Identity Card) and cybersecurity (under the 11th Bureau of the MPS), network security and website registration.
Founded in October 1949 with the inception of the People's Republic of China, and controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), China's major national police force operates under the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). Known officially as "Public Security Organs" (公安机关; Gōng'ān Jīguān), its officers are formally titled "People's Police" (人民警察; Rénmín Jǐngchá).
The term "Public Security" has caused some confusion, as there used to be "Public Security Forces" under the dual leadership of the Central Military Commission and local governments, which later evolved into today's People's Armed Police (PAP).
The influence of the Soviet Union was paramount in the early years of the People's Republic, and guided the Chinese approach to policing.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), the powers of the police were both strengthened and weakened; on the one hand, they were given control over much of the judicial system, since People's Courts and People's Procuratorates basically collapsed, meaning that local directors of public security bureaus could easily arrest and convict almost any person they chose; on the other hand, the top leadership of the police was almost totally purged and persecuted, and political commissars from the PLA (most of them hand-picked by the Cultural Revolution Group) were brought in to take control over the largest and most important public security bureaus, including those of Beijing and Shanghai.
The current structure and mission of the People's Police was formalized in the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China (February 1995), which states:
Tasks of the People's Police are to safeguard state security, maintain public order, protect citizens' personal safety and freedom and their legal property, protect public property, and prevent, stop and punish illegal and criminal activities. The People's Police consist of policemen working in public security organs, state security organs, prisons and organs in charge of reeducation through labor, as well as judicial policemen working in the People's Courts and the People's Procuratorates.
According to the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China (1995), the People's Police comprises five components:
They handle routine law enforcement tasks such as maintaining public order, conducting criminal investigations, and managing border control. This constitutes the majority of China's police force and falls under the jurisdiction of the MPS. The responsibilities of different public security organ departments are clearly outlined. These departments include:
State Security Police are responsible for intelligence collection and analysis, counter-espionage, political security, and also partially participate in domestic security affairs.
These officers operate under the MSS. They generally perform "secret police" duties and help maintain social stability and preserve the power of the ruling Chinese Communist Party.
They should not be confused with the 1st Bureau of the MPS (described above in the Public Security Police section), despite sometimes similar duties and overlapping missions.
Comprising mainly of police officers stationed in prisons and drug rehabilitation centers.
Prison Police oversee prison security, carry out prison guard duties, and aid in prison administration, similar to correctional officers in other nations.
Drug Rehabilitation Police handle the enforcement of isolation and drug rehabilitation efforts for drug addicts, along with corrective measures for minor offenders.
They should not be confused with the judicial police of the courts and procuratorates.
Responsible for the security of People's Courts at the provincial, municipal and township levels. They belong to the judicial system and maintain order and security in courthouses and assist judges in judicial investigations.
Responsible for the security of People's Procuratorates at the provincial, municipal and township levels. They belong to the judicial system and maintain order and security in procuratorates and assist public procurators in judicial investigations.
The rank system of the People's Police is as follows:
English language equivalent | Rank (Chinese) | Insignia |
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Cadet | 学员 (xuéyuán) | |
Probationary Constable | 见习警员 (jiànxí jǐngyuán) | |
Constable Second Class | 二级警员 (èrjí jǐngyuán) | |
Constable First Class | 一级警员 (yījí jǐngyuán) | |
Superintendent Third Class | 三级警司 (sānjí jǐngsī) | |
Superintendent Second Class | 二级警司 (èrjí jǐngsī) | |
Superintendent First Class | 一级警司 (yījí jǐngsī) | |
Supervisor Third Class | 三级警督 (sānjí jǐngdū) | |
Supervisor Second Class | 二级警督 (èrjí jǐngdū) | |
Supervisor First Class | 一级警督 (yījí jǐngdū) | |
Commissioner Third Class | 三级警监 (sānjí jǐngjiān) | |
Commissioner Second Class | 二级警监 (èrjí jǐngjiān) | |
Commissioner First Class | 一级警监 (yījí jǐngjiān) | |
Deputy Commissioner General | 副总警监 (fù zǒng jǐngjiān) | |
Commissioner General | 总警监 (zǒng jǐngjiān) |