In today's world, Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto plays a vital role in various areas of life. Its importance is reflected in society, the economy, politics, culture and people's daily lives. Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto has been the object of study and interest in different times and contexts, which demonstrates its relevance over time. In this article, we will explore the impact and influence of Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto on different aspects of society, as well as its evolution throughout history. Additionally, we will analyze how Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto continues to be a topic of debate and reflection today, and how its meaning has changed over time.
This article explains the transcription of the Japanese language in the Esperanto alphabet. Esperantists often use non-Esperanto transcriptions, such as Hepburn and Kunrei. However, the need for a transcription in the Esperanto alphabet is essential for non-Japanese speaking Esperantists to be able to pronounce words.
There are two well-known transcription systems of Japanese in Latin alphabet: Hepburn and Kunrei. However, there is no official Esperanto transcription for Japanese. This page presents one of the unofficial methods of transcription.
Most books on Esperanto published in Japan provide tables for transcription. In 2012, a book by Kenichi Fujimaki, called Marugoto-esuperanto-bunpō-kaichōban まるごとエスペラント文法 改訂版 (lit. Revised Esperanto Grammar). explains one way of transcription, however, as far as 1923, Yoshimi Ishiguro writes his Shotō esuperanto kyōkasho 初等エスペラント教科書 (lit. Beginning Esperanto Textbook), explaining a transcription, however the remaining digital copies of his works are barely readable, so they are not included in this article.
The symbol "っ" / "ッ" (small "つ" ) is not actually transcribed, but instead, indicated by doubling the following consonant. Example: Sapporo (さっぽろ).
According to Hepburn:
According to Kunrei:
These are various methods of transcribing the word とうきょう (Tokyo)
The Japanese vowel i is changed to j and the vowel u is changed to ŭ for Esperanto transcription.
If there is a じ (ji) before an ん (n) in a word, you must write it as ĝi. Otherwise, you can use either ĵi or ĝi.
When the syllable ず/づ is used at the beginning of a word, it is mostly transcribed as dzu, directly from Hepburn; but if the syllable is anywhere else in the word, it is mostly transcribed as zu.
Generally, some vowels may not be said at all. This is very common in everyday speech in Japanese
あ ア a | い イ i | う ウ u | え エ e | お オ o | や ヤ ja | ユ ゆ ju | よ ヨ jo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
か カ ka | き キ ki | く ク ku | け ケ ke | こ コ ko | きゃ キャ kja | きゅ キュ kju | きょ キョ kjo |
さ サ sa | し シ ŝi | す ス su | せ セ se | そ ソ so | しゃ シャ ŝa | しゅ シュ ŝu | しょ ショ ŝo |
た タ ta | ち チ ĉi | つ ツ cu | て テ te | と ト to | ちゃ チャ ĉa | ちゅ チュ ĉu | ちょ チョ ĉo |
な ナ na | に ニ ni | ぬ ヌ nu | ね ネ ne | の ノ no | にゃ ニャ nja | にゅ ニュ nju | にょ ニョ njo |
は ハ ha | ひ ヒ hi | ふ フ fu | へ ヘ he | ほ ホ ho | ひゃ ヒャ hja | ひゅ ヒュ hju | ひょ ヒョ hjo |
ま マ ma | み ミ mi | む ム mu | め メ me | も モ mo | みゃ ミャ mja | みゅ ミュ mju | みょ ミョ mjo |
ら ラ ra | り リ ri | る ル ru | れ レ re | ろ ロ ro | りゃ リャ rja | りゅ リュ rju | りょ リョ rjo |
わ ワ ŭa | ゐ ヰ ŭi | ゑ ヱ ŭe | を ヲ ŭo | ||||
ん ン n | |||||||
が ガ ga | ぎ ギ gi | ぐ グ gu | げ ゲ ge | ご ゴ go | ぎゃ ギャ gja | ぎゅ ギュ gju | ぎょ ギョ gjo |
ざ ザ za | じ ジ ĝi / ĵi | ず ズ zu / dzu | ぜ ゼ ze | ぞ ゾ zo | じゃ ジャ ĝa / ĵa | じゅ ジュ ĝu / ĵu | じょ ジョ ĝo / ĵo |
だ ダ da | ぢ ヂ (ĝi) / (ĵi) | づ ヅ (zu) / (dzu) | で デ de | ど ド do | ぢゃ ヂャ (ĝa) / (ĵa) | ぢゅ ヂュ (ĝu) / (ĵu) | ぢょ ヂョ (ĝo) / (ĵo) |
ば バ ba | び ビ bi | ぶ ブ bu | べ ベ be | ぼ ボ bo | びゃ ビャ bja | びゅ ビュ bju | びょ ビョ bjo |
ぱ パ pa | ぴ ピ pi | ぷ プ pu | ぺ ペ pe | ぽ ポ po | ぴゃ ピャ pja | ぴゅ ピュ pju | ぴょ ピョ pjo |
イェ je | ||||
ウィ ŭi | ウェ ŭe | ウォ ŭo | ||
ヴァ va | ヴィ vi | ヴ vu | ヴェ ve | ヴォ vo |
シェ ŝe | ||||
ジェ ĝe / ĵe | ||||
チェ ĉe | ||||
ティ ti | トゥ tu | |||
テュ tju | ||||
ディ di | ドゥ du | |||
デュ dju | ||||
ツァ ca | ツィ ci | ツェ ce | ツォ co | |
ファ fa | フィ fi | フェ fe | フォ fo | |
フュ fju |
Red letters indicate Kana no longer used in modern Japanese.
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