Duruwa language
This article will address the topic of Duruwa language from different perspectives and approaches, with the aim of providing a holistic and complete vision of this topic. Various aspects related to Duruwa language will be analyzed, providing detailed and updated information that allows the reader to fully understand its importance and relevance in the current context. Likewise, different studies, research and expert opinions on Duruwa language will be examined, in order to offer a comprehensive and enriching vision that contributes to the knowledge and understanding of this topic. Throughout the article, specific aspects of Duruwa language will be delved into, highlighting its impact in different areas and its influence on current society.
| Dhurwa | |
|---|---|
| ପରଜି, धुरुवा Parji | |
| Native to | India |
| Ethnicity | Duruwa |
Native speakers | 52,349 (2011 census)[1] |
Dravidian
| |
| Odia script, Devanagari script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pci |
| Glottolog | duru1236 |
| ELP | Duruwa |
Duruwa (IPA: [d̪ʱuruʋaː], Odia: ପରଜି, Devanagari: धुरुवा) or Dhuruwa or Parji is a Central Dravidian language spoken by the Duruwa people of India, in the districts of Koraput in Odisha and Bastar in Chhattisgarh. The language is related to Ollari and Kolami, which is also spoken by other neighbouring tribes.
Classification
Duruwa is a member of the Central Dravidian languages.[2][3] Duruwa is a spoken language and is generally not written. Whenever it is written, it makes use of the Devanagari script in Bastar district and Odia script in Koraput district.
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| High | i | iː | u | uː | ||
| Mid | e | eː | o | oː | ||
| Low | a | aː | ||||
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | (s) | (h) | |||||
| Approximant | median | ʋ | j | ||||
| lateral | l | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ɽ | |||||
Dialects
There are four dialects: Tiriya, Nethanar, Dharba, and Kukanar. They are mutually intelligible.[citation needed]
References
- ^ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
- ^ Fairservis, Walter Ashlin (1997). The Harappan Civilization and Its Writing: A Model for the Decipherment of the Indus Script. Asian Studies. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 978-90-04-09066-8.
- ^ Stassen, Leon (1997). Intransitive Predication. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford University Press. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-19-925893-2.
- ^ a b Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). The Dravidian languages (null ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780511060373.