Zetekitoxin AB

Today, Zetekitoxin AB is a highly relevant and topical issue that affects people of all ages and cultures. More and more people are interested in learning about Zetekitoxin AB and understanding its impact on modern society. Due to its importance, it is crucial to further study Zetekitoxin AB in order to understand its implications and possible solutions. In this article, we will explore various perspectives on Zetekitoxin AB and how it is influencing our daily lives. Additionally, we will discuss the global implications and possible measures that can be taken to address this challenge.

Zetekitoxin AB
Names
IUPAC name
nonadeca-14,17-dien-13-yl]methyl hydroxycarbamate
Other names
ZTX
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/C16H24N8O12S/c17-11-19-8-9-15(20-12(18)22(9)5-34-13(27)21-30)16(28,29)14(4-23(11)15,36-37(31,32)33)1-7-6(2-25)3-35-24(7)10(8)26/h6-9,25,28-30H,1-5H2,(H2,17,19)(H2,18,20)(H,21,27)(H,31,32,33)/t6-,7-,8+,9-,14+,15-/m0/s1
    Key: BJJIKPMJNDTIHW-FGWFJEOOSA-N
  • /N=C/1\N234N/C(=N/)/N(3(N1)C(=O)N5OC(5C(C2)(4(O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)CO)COC(=O)NO
Properties
C16H24N8O12S
Molar mass 552.47 g·mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Extremely toxic
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
11 μg/kg (mice)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Saxitoxin
Neosaxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).

Zetekitoxin AB (ZTX) is a guanidine alkaloid found in the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki. It is an extremely potent neurotoxin.

Structure

ZTX is a guanidine alkaloid. It's structurally related to saxitoxin, but with some differences. ZTX has a guanidine core similar to saxitoxin. It contains an isoxazolidine ring, a sulfonate group and a N-hydroxycarbamate group.

Mechanism of action

ZTX is an extremely potent sodium channel blocker. It has been shown to block the voltage-gated sodium channels at picomolar concentrations. It is about 580 times more potent than saxitoxin.

Toxicity

ZTX is an extremely potent neurotoxin. The LD50 of ZTX in mice is 11 μg/kg.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus - 0062996387 - Zetekitoxin AB - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.nlm.nih.gov.
  2. ^ a b Yotsu-Yamashita, M.; Kim, Y. H.; Dudley, S. C.; Choudhary, G.; Pfahnl, A.; Oshima, Y.; Daly, J. W. (22 March 2004). "The structure of zetekitoxin AB, a saxitoxin analog from the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki: A potent sodium-channel blocker". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (13): 4346–4351. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.4346Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400368101. PMC 384749. PMID 15070720.
  3. ^ Brown, George B.; Kim, Yong H.; Küntzel, Heiner; Mosher, Harry S.; Fuhrman, Geraldine J.; Fuhrman, Frederick A. (January 1977). "Chemistry and pharmacology of skin toxins from the frog Atelopus Zeteki (Atelopidtoxin: Zetekitoxin)". Toxicon. 15 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(77)90030-7. PMID 558664.
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