In today's article we are going to explore in depth the topic of Patwin language, a matter that has aroused great interest in society in recent times. We will learn about its origins, its impact on people's daily lives, the implications it has in various areas and the possible solutions that have been proposed to address it. Patwin language is a complex issue that covers different dimensions, so it is essential to analyze it from different perspectives to understand its scope and adopt measures that contribute to its understanding and eventual solution. Throughout this article, we will delve into the key aspects of this topic that is so relevant today.
Patwin | |
---|---|
Southern Wintun | |
Native to | United States |
Region | Colusa, Lake, Napa, Solano, and Yolo Counties, northern California |
Ethnicity | Patwin |
Native speakers | 1 (as of 2021) |
Revival | Being taught in schools and learned by adults |
Wintuan
| |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | pwi |
Glottolog | patw1250 |
ELP | Patwin |
Patwin is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
Patwin (Patween) is a critically endangered Wintuan language of Northern California. As of 2021, there was one documented first language speaker of Patwin. As of 2010, Patwin language classes were taught at the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation (formerly Rumsey Rancheria) tribal school (Dubin 2010).
Patwin has two (excl. Southern Patwin) or three (incl. Southern Patwin) dialects: "River Patwin (or Valley Patwin) was traditionally spoken along the Sacramento River in Colusa County ... Hill Patwin, was spoken in the plains and foothills to the west."
Southern Patwin became extinct shortly after contact. It is very poorly attested, and may be a separate Southern Wintuan language (Mithun 1999).
As of 2012, the Tewe Kewe Cultural Center of the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation has "a California Indian Library Collection and an extensive Patwin language and history research section."
Patwin has 25 consonant phonemes. In the table below, the IPA form(s) of each consonant are given. This is followed by the form commonly used in Lawyer (2021)'s grammar, if this is different from the IPA form.
Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | |||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||
glottalized | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | |||||
voiced | b | d | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Fricative | s | ɬ | h | |||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡ɬ ⟨ƛ⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | |||||
glottalized | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ƛʼ⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨čʼ⟩ | ||||||
Trill/Flap | r̥ ~ ɾ ⟨r⟩ | |||||||
Approximant | w | l | j ⟨y⟩ |
Short | Long | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | Front | Back | |
High (close) | i | u | iː ⟨i·⟩ | uː ⟨u·⟩ |
Mid | e | o | eː ⟨e·⟩ | oː ⟨o·⟩ |
Low (open) | a | aː ⟨a·⟩ |
This is a Orthography of Patwin.
a | a· | b | č | č’ | d | e | e· | h | i | i· | k | kʰ | k’ | l | ɬ | ƛ | ƛ’ | m | n | o | o· | p | pʰ | p’ | r | s | t | tʰ | t’ | u | u· | w | y | ʔ |