Today, Proto-Khmeric language is a topic of great interest and relevance in our society. For years now, Proto-Khmeric language has captured the attention of experts and professionals in different fields, as well as the general public. The importance of Proto-Khmeric language has been increasing as we enter an era of change and advancement in various areas. Whether in the technological, scientific, social, or cultural field, Proto-Khmeric language has proven to be a topic of constant discussion and debate. In this article, we will explore different aspects related to Proto-Khmeric language, from its impact on daily life to its influence on the future of society.
Proto-Khmeric | |
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Reconstruction of | Khmer dialects |
Reconstructed ancestor |
The Proto-Khmeric language is the reconstructed proto-language of the Khmeric languages. It has been reconstructed by Sidwell & Rau (2015), whose reconstruction is based on the sound laws provided in Ferlus (1992). It is agreed by most scholars that this language was phased out by 300 CE.
The reconstructed Proto-Khmeric forms below are from Sidwell & Rau (2015: 273, 340-363).
Gloss | Proto-Khmeric |
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all | *grɔp |
ashes | *pheːh |
bark (of tree) | *smpɔːk |
belly | *buŋ |
big | *luoŋ ~ *ruoŋ |
to bite | *tkiːr ~ *tkɛːr, *kat |
black | *kmaw |
blood | *ɟhaːm |
boat | *duok |
bone | *cʔəŋ |
breast | *tɔh |
to burn (vt.) | *tut, *ʔus |
candle | *dian |
claw/nail | *krcɔːk |
cloud | *-(b/w)ɔːk |
cold | *rŋaː(r) |
to come/arrive | *mɔːk |
die (of a person) | *slap |
dog | *cɔː, *ckɛː |
to drink (water) | *phik |
dry (adj./stat.) | *praŋ |
ear | *(t/c)rciək |
earth/soil | *tiː |
to eat | *cie |
eye | *pnɛːk |
fat/grease/oil | *klaɲ |
feather | *slaːp |
fire | *ʔus |
fish (n.) | *triː |
fly (v.) | *həːr |
foot | *ɟəːŋ |
full (vessel) | *beːɲ |
give | *ʔoːj |
good | *lʔɔː |
green | *kciː |
group | *buak |
hair (of head) | *suk |
hand | *təj |
to hear/listen | *stap |
heart | *klim |
horn | *sneːŋ |
I | *ʔaɲ |
to kill | *psiət, *smlap |
know | *cih, *sgal |
leaf | *slik |
to learn | *rian |
to lie (down) | *tiek |
liver | *tləːm |
long | *wɛːŋ |
louse (head) | *ciː |
man/husband | *ɟmoːl |
meat/flesh | *sac |
moon | *khɛː |
mountain/hill | *bnɔm, *duol |
mouth | *mat |
name | *ɟmɔh |
neck | *kɔː |
new | *tmiː |
night | *jɔp |
nose | *crmuh |
not | *ʔət ~ *ʔɔt ~ *ʔit |
oil | *prieŋ |
one | *muoj |
person/human | *ʔnak |
rain | *pliəŋ |
red | *krhɔːm |
road, path | *gnlɔːŋ |
root (of a tree) | *ris |
round (object) | *wiel, *rwiəl, *rwɔŋ |
sand | *ksac |
see | *jɔl, *ghəːɲ |
sit | *guj |
skin | *spɛːk |
sleep | *tiːk |
small | *tic, *cmaːr |
smoke (n.) | (?*psɛːɲ) |
to offer | *ɟuon |
to speak, say | *srtiː |
to stand | *ɟhɔːr |
star | *pkaːj |
stone | *tmɔː |
sun | *tŋaj |
to swim | *hɛːl(?) |
that (dist.) | *nɔh |
this (prox.) | *nih |
tongue | *ʔntaːt |
tree | *ɟhəː |
two | *bier |
to walk, go | *təːr |
warm/hot | *ktaw |
water | *tɨk |
white | *skuː, *sɔː |
woman/wife | *knsaj, *kntaj |
Selected Khmeric lexical innovations:
Gloss | Proto-Austroasiatic | Old Khmer | Modern Khmer | Surin Khmer |
---|---|---|---|---|
‘fish’ | *kaʔ | triː~treː | trəj | trɛj |
‘chicken’ | *ʔiər | – | moan | mɯan |
‘dog’ | *cɔːʔ | cʰkɛː | cʰkae | ʨkɛː |