In this article, we will carefully explore the topic of Kharia language, with the purpose of offering a broad and complete vision of its importance and relevance in the current context. Through in-depth analysis, we will address various perspectives and approaches that will allow the reader to fully understand the complexity and implications of Kharia language in different contexts. Along these lines, we will delve into fundamental aspects related to Kharia language, providing relevant information, statistical data and expert opinions that will enrich knowledge around this topic. In addition, we will examine practical cases and personal experiences that will concretely illustrate the influence of Kharia language in contemporary society. This article will undoubtedly be essential reading for those interested in deeply understanding the various dimensions of Kharia language.
Kharia | |
---|---|
खड़िया, ଖଡ଼ିଆ | |
Region | India (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha). |
Ethnicity | Kharia |
Native speakers | 297,614, 69% of ethnic population (2011 census) |
Austroasiatic
| |
Devanagari, Odia, Latin | |
Official status | |
Official language in | India
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | khr |
Glottolog | khar1287 |
ELP | Kharia |
The Kharia language (IPA: [kʰaɽija] or IPA: [kʰeɽija]) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family, that is primarily spoken by the Kharia people of eastern India.
According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austroasiatic languages arrived on the coast of Odisha from Southeast Asia about 4000-3500 years ago.
Kharia belongs to the Kharia–Juang branch of the Munda language family. Its closest extant relative is the Juang language, but the relationship between Kharia and Juang is remote.
The most widely cited classification places Kharia and Juang together as a subgroup of the South Munda branch of the Munda family. However, some earlier classification schemes placed Kharia and Juang together, as an independent branch deriving from the root of the Munda languages, which they named Central Munda.
Kharia is in contact with Sadri (the local lingua franca), Mundari, Kurukh, Hindi, and Odia (in Odisha).
Kharia speakers are located in the following districts of India.
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɳ) | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | (ʔ) |
aspirated | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | cʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɟ | ɡ | ||
breathy | bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | ɟʱ | ɡʱ | ||
glottalised | ˀb | ˀɖ | ˀɟ | ||||
Fricative | f | s | ɦ | ||||
Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
Tap | unaspirated | ɾ | (ɽ) | ||||
aspirated | (ɽʱ) |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | (ə) | o |
Open | a | ||
Diphthong | /ae̯, ao̯, ou̯, oe̯, ui̯/ |