Ksingmul language
In today's world, Ksingmul language has become an issue that arouses great interest and debate. With the advancement of technology, globalization and social changes, Ksingmul language has positioned itself as a relevant topic that impacts people of all ages, cultures and lifestyles. Since its emergence, Ksingmul language has generated endless conflicting opinions, research and reflections that seek to understand its influence on different aspects of daily life. In this article, we will explore in detail the different dimensions and perspectives of Ksingmul language, with the aim of offering a comprehensive vision that contributes to the enrichment of the dialogue and understanding of this topic.
| Ksingmul | |
|---|---|
| Puoc | |
| Xinh Mun | |
| Native to | Vietnam, Laos |
| Ethnicity | Ksingmul people |
Native speakers | (27,000 cited 1999 & 2005 censuses)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | puo |
| Glottolog | puoc1238 |
Ksingmul (Ksing Mul, Puoc, Vietnamese: Xinh Mun, Chinese: 欣门语) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.
Varieties
Jerold Edmondson (2010: 144), citing Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, et al. (1972: 254 ff.), lists 3 major varieties of Ksingmul. Ksingmul Nghệt is the most conservative variety.
- Ksingmul Nghệt: Nà Nghệt Village, Xiêng Khọ District, Sầm Nưa Province (Houaphan Province), Laos
- Ksingmul Dạ: Chiềng On Village, Yên Châu District, Sơn La Province, Vietnam
- Ksingmul Đồng
Phonology
Source:[2]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop | plain | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Fricative | plain | s | h | |||
| voiced | zʲ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Diphthong | iə | ɨə | uə |
| Mid | ə | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔː | |
| Open | ä |
All monophthongs can be long or short, apart from /ɔː/ which can only be long.
References
- ^ Ksingmul at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Dmitry Nikolaev. 2019. Ksingmul sound inventory (EA). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)
- Edmondson, Jerold A. 2010. "The Kháng language of Vietnam in comparison to Ksingmul (Xinh-mun)." In Kenneth A. McElhanon and Ger Reesink, A Mosaic of languages and cultures: studies celebrating the career of Karl J. Franklin, 138–154. SIL e-Books, 19. : SIL International. http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9267
External links
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9380-C@view Ksingmul in RWAAI Digital Archive