Sanming dialect
In today's article we will explore the impact Sanming dialect has had on our lives. Whether through its influence on popular culture, its relevance in the scientific field or its significance in history, Sanming dialect has left an indelible mark on society. Throughout the text, we will examine different aspects related to Sanming dialect, from its origins to its evolution in the present, with the aim of understanding its importance and impact in today's world. In addition, we will delve into different perspectives and opinions about Sanming dialect, analyzing its relevance from diverse and enriching perspectives. Join us on this fascinating journey through the impact of Sanming dialect on our reality!
| Sanming | |
|---|---|
| 三明事 | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Sanming, Fujian |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-hbb |
The Sanming dialect (Central Min: 三明事, Mandarin Chinese: 三明話) is a dialect of Central Min spoken in urban areas of Sanming, a prefecture-level city in Western Fujian Province, China.
Phonology
The Sanming dialect has 18 initials, 37 rimes and 6 tones.
Initials
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Stop | Tenuis | p | t | k | |
| Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||
| Affricate | Tenuis | ts | tʃ | ||
| Aspirated | tsʰ | tʃʰ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | x | ||
| Glide | l | ||||
- Initials /m, ŋ/ may also be heard as prenasal in free variation. When the two initials are followed by non-nasalized rimes, they can be heard as voiced plosives .
- Palato-alveolar sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, ʃ/ can also be heard as alveolo-palatal sounds in free variation among speakers.
Rimes
| Open syllable | Nasal coda | Nasal vowel coda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open mouth | ɹ̩ ɛ ɒ a ɯ ø | aɯ au | am aiŋ m̩ | ã ɔ̃ |
| Even mouth | i iɛ iɒ ia iɯ | iau | iam iaiŋ | iã iɔ̃ ɛ̃ |
| Closed mouth | u uɛ ui o | ŋ̍ | uã | |
| Round mouth | y yi yɛ yo | yaiŋ | yã yɛ̃ | |
Tones
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 |
light level 陽平 |
dark rising 陰上 |
light rising 陽上 |
departing 去聲 |
entering 入聲 |
| Tone contour | ˥˥˧ 553 | ˦˩ 41 | ˨˩ 21 | ˨˩˧ 213 | ˧ 33 | ˩˨ 12 |
The entering tones in the Sanming dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. This feature is quite different from many other Chinese dialects.
Notes
- ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.
References
- ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 (2002). San ming shi zhi 三明市志 ["Chorography of Sanming City"]. Vol. 53. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 . ISBN 978-7-80122-619-8.
- 吳, 瑞文 (Rui-Wen Wu) (2013). On the Grammatical Functions and Grammaticalization of tʰe5 in the Sanming Dialect . Language and Linguistics .
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