Murutic languages
In today's world, Murutic languages has become a topic of constant interest and debate. Since its emergence, Murutic languages has captured the attention of people from different fields, generating conflicting opinions and passionate discussions. It doesn't matter if it is a scientific discovery, a public figure or a historical event, Murutic languages has managed to transcend borders and attract the attention of society in general. In this article, we will explore in depth the impact and relevance of Murutic languages in our world today, analyzing its importance in various contexts and its influence on different aspects of everyday life.
| Murutic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Sabah and North Kalimantan, Borneo |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | grea1294 |
The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and Tidung.
Languages
The Murutic languages are (Lobel 2013):
- Murut proper
- Murut dialects
Keningau Murut, Beaufort Murut (Binta’), Tabalunan/Serudung Murut, Selungai Murut, Sembakung Murut, Okolod, Bookan, Tanggala Murut, Paluan, Agabag/Tinggalan Murut.
- Tidung language
Burusu, Kalabakan, Nonukan Tidong, Sesayap Tidong
Tagol Murut is commonly used and understood by a large majority of the Murut peoples.
Lobel (2013:360) also lists the languages Abai Sembuak, Abai Tubu, and Bulusu (all spoken near Malinau town in North Kalimantan) as Murutic languages. On the other hand, Abai Sungai, spoken in eastern Sabah, is a Paitanic language.
Lobel (2016)
Lobel (2016) covers the following Greater Murutic languages, including Tidong:
- Tatana
- Papar
- Murut Nabaay
- Ganaʼ
- Murut Timugon
- Murut Paluan
- Murut Tagol
- Kolod
- Western Tingalan
- Eastern Tingalan
- Murut Kalabakan
- Abai Sembuak
- Abai Tubu
- Bulusu
- Tidung Bengawong
- Tidung Sumbol
- Tidung Kalabakan
- Tidung Mensalong
- Tidung Malinau
Innovations
Lobel (2013:367) lists the following Murutic phonological innovations. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.)
- PMP/PSWSAB *R > *h / __ V (except after *ə, where it had already shifted to *g in PSWSAB). Subsequently, Proto-Greater Murutic *h > Ø occurred in all daughter languages except Papar.
- PMP/PSWSAB *R > *g / __ #
- PMP/PSWSAB *aw > *ow; *ay > *oy
- PMP/PSWSAB *iw > *uy
- PGMUR *g- > Ø after the adjectival prefix *ma-
- PMP/PSWSAB *ə > *a in non-final syllables, except in the environment *_Cə, where it is reflected as /o/
References
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Greater Murutic". Glottolog 4.3.
- Lobel, Jason William. 2013. Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
- Lobel, Jason William. 2016. North Borneo Sourcebook: Vocabularies and Functors. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824857790
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