South Halmahera languages

In this article, the topic of South Halmahera languages will be addressed from a broad and detailed perspective, in order to provide the reader with a complete and in-depth vision of it. Various facets and aspects related to South Halmahera languages will be explored, analyzing its importance and relevance in different areas. In addition, different points of view and opinions from experts on the topic will be presented, with the aim of enriching knowledge and understanding about South Halmahera languages. Throughout the article, statistical data, examples, case studies and practical exercises will be provided that will allow the reader to delve deeper into the topic and apply the knowledge acquired.

South Halmahera
Geographic
distribution
Maluku Islands
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Proto-languageProto-South Halmahera
Subdivisions
  • East Makian – Gane
  • Buli
GlottologNone
east2439  (East Makian–Gane)
cent2270  (Buli)

The South Halmahera languages are the branch of Austronesian languages found along the southeast coast of the island of Halmahera in the Indonesian province of North Maluku. Irarutu is spoken in the east of the Bomberai Peninsula in West Papua province.

Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, but Taba and Buli are fairly well attested.

They are not related to the North Halmahera languages, which are notable for being non-Austronesian. However, Ternatan influence is considerable, a legacy of the historical dominance of the Ternate Sultanate.

Classification

The South Halmahera languages are listed below according to Glottolog 4.0's classification, with alternate names and dialects listed from Kamholz (2014: 17):

  • South Halmahera
    • East Makian – Gane
      • Gane (Gimán; dialect: Saketa)
      • Taba (East Makian, Makian Dalam; dialects: Kayoa, Southeast Makian)
    • Buli languages
    • Gebe (dialect: Minyaifuin)

References

  1. ^ Teljeur, Dirk (1990), The symbolic system of the Giman of South Halmahera, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 142 (2019, e-book ed.), Dordrecht–Providence: Foris Publications, p. 17, doi:10.1515/9783111672380, ISBN 978-3-11-167238-0, OCLC 1110710205
  2. ^ Kamholz, David (2014). Austronesians in Papua: Diversification and change in South Halmahera–West New Guinea. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zg8b1vd