Today, Uma language represents a topic of great importance and interest in today's society. With the advancement of technology and globalization, Uma language has become a key point of discussion in various areas. Whether in the political, social, scientific, cultural or economic sphere, Uma language plays a fundamental role in decision making and in the way we interact with our environment. In this article, we will explore in depth the impact of Uma language on different aspects of everyday life, as well as its relevance in an increasingly interconnected world.
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
This article is about the Austronesian language. For the Muskogean language known as Houma, see Houma language.
1P means 'first person,' 2P means 'second person,' and 3P means 'third person.'
(SG) means 'singular' and (PL) means 'plural.' (PL.ex) means 'plural exclusive' and (PL.in) means 'plural inclusive.'
means that ∅ is a proclitic.
means that ∅ is an enclitic.
In the Tobaku, Tolee', and Winatu dialects, the possessives and are and respectively.
In the Tolee' and Winatu dialects, the absolutives and are and respectively. The free forms and are and respectively.
Numerals
The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:
isaʔ
dua
tolu
opoʔ
lima
ono
pitu
walu
sio
hampuluʔ
Classification of Uma varieties
Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.
Bana
Benggaulu (= Bingkolu)
Kantewu (= Central Uma)
Aria (= Southern Uma)
Tobaku (= Ompa, Dompa, Western Uma)
Tolee' (= Eastern Uma)
Winatu (= Northern Uma)
Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma, noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.
Kantewu (= Central)
Southern
Tolee'
Tobaku
Winatu
Tori'untu
Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.
Martens, Michael (1988a). "Notes on Uma Verbs". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.). Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 4. Pacific Linguistics Series A – No. 79. Canberra: The Australian National University. pp. 167–237. doi:10.15144/PL-A79.167. hdl:1885/145108. ISBN0-85883-3832.
Martens, Martha A.; Martens, Michael P. (1988). "Some Notes on the Inelegant Glottal: A Problem in Uma Phonology". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.). Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 4. Pacific Linguistics Series A – No. 79. Canberra: The Australian National University. pp. 279–281. doi:10.15144/PL-A79.279. hdl:1885/145108. ISBN0-85883-3832.