In this article, the topic Tày language will be explored from different perspectives, analyzing its social, cultural, political and economic implications. The impact that Tày language has had on today's society and how it has shaped the way we think and act will be examined. Likewise, historical and contemporary aspects related to Tày language will be addressed, in order to better understand its importance and relevance in today's world. Through this exhaustive analysis, we aim to offer a panoramic view of Tày language and its multiple facets, inviting reflection and debate on this topic that is so relevant today.
Tày | |
---|---|
Tiểng Tày, Thổ | |
Native to | Vietnam |
Ethnicity | Tày |
Native speakers | 1.63 million (2009) |
Latin (modified Vietnamese alphabet) Chữ Nôm Tày Sawndip | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tyz |
Glottolog | tayy1238 |
Tày or Thổ (a name shared with the unrelated Thổ and Cuoi languages) is the major Tai language of Vietnam, spoken by more than a million Tày people in Northeastern Vietnam.
Tày linguistic varieties include the following:
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | pʲ | t | c | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | pʰʲ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | bʲ | d | ||||
implosive | ɓ | ɓʲ | ɗ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | x | h | ||
voiced | v | z | ɣ | ||||
lateral | ɬ | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɯ | u | |
High-mid | e | o | ||
Mid | ə əː | |||
Low-mid | ɛ | ɐ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | ie | ɯə | uo |
Six tones are present in Cao Bẳng Tày:
a̋ | ˥ |
a᷄ | ˦˥ |
á | ˦ |
ā | ˧ |
à | ˨ |
a᷆ | ˨˩ |
English | Tày | Zhuang | Thai | Vietnamese | Middle Chinese | Proto Tai |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
one | nâng, đeo, êt | it | nueng หนึ่ง, -et -เอ็ด | nừng (obsolete word meaning few) | ʔiɪt̚ | *nɯːŋᴮ |
two | sloong, nhỉ | ngeih | song สอง | ȵiɪH | *soːŋᴬ, from Middle Chinese 雙 (MC ʃˠʌŋ, “two”) | |
three | slam | sam | sam สาม | sɑm | *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm, “three”) | |
four | slí | seiq | si สี่ | siɪH | *siːᴮ (“four”), from Middle Chinese 四 (MC siɪH, “four”) | |
five | hả | haj | ha ห้า | ŋaːʔ | *haːꟲ (“five”), from Old Chinese 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “five”) | |
six | hốc, hôc, xốc | loek | hok หก | *ruɡ | *krokᴰ (“six”), from Old Chinese 六 (OC *ruɡ, “six”) | |
seven | chêt | caet | chet เจ็ด | t͡sʰiɪt̚ | *cetᴰ (“seven”), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC t͡sʰiɪt̚, “seven”) | |
eight | pet | bed | paet แปด | pˠɛt̚ | *peːtᴰ (“eight”), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚, “eight”) | |
nine | cẩu | giuj | kao เก้า | kɨuX | *kɤwꟲ (“nine”), from Middle Chinese 九 (MC kɨuX, “nine”) | |
ten | slip | cib | sip สิบ | d͡ʑiɪp̚ | From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚, “ten”) | |
hundred | pac | bak | roi ร้อย | pˠæk̚ | *roːjꟲ | |
hundred and one | pac lình êt | bak lingz it | nueng roi et หนึ่งร้อยเอ็ด | |||
thousand | xiên | cien | phan พัน | t͡sʰen | ||
ten thousand | fản | fanh | muen หมื่น | mʉɐnH | From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH) | |
language | tiểng | siang เสียง (sound) | tiếng | ɕiᴇŋ |
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