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Yugh language

Yugh language is a topic that has captured the attention of people of all ages and in all corners of the world. Since its origins, Yugh language has been the object of study, debate and admiration, and its impact has been felt in different aspects of society. Over time, Yugh language has evolved and adapted to changes and technological advances, always maintaining its relevance and its ability to generate discussion. In this article, we will explore the different aspects related to Yugh language, from its history to its influence today, with the aim of providing a complete and enriching vision of this fascinating topic.

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Yugh
Sym Ket, Yug
Дьуʼк Dʲuˀk[1]
PronunciationYug pronunciation: [dʲuʔk˥˧]
Native toRussia
RegionYenisei River
Ethnicity7 Yughs (2020)
Extinct1972[2]
2–3 nonfluent speakers (1991)[3][4]
3 (2020)[5]
Language codes
ISO 639-3yug
yug
Glottologyugh1239
yugh1240  additional bibliography
ELPYug
Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Numerals in Yeniseian languages

Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.[6] It went extinct by 1972.[2] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,[3] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.[7] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,[8] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,[9] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.[5]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels of Yugh[10]
Front Central Back
Close i [i] ɨ [ɨ] u [u]
Close-mid e [e] ə [ə] o [o]
Open-mid ɛ [ɛ] ʌ [ʌ] ɔ [ɔ]
Open a [a]

Consonants

Consonants of Yugh[10]
Labial Alveolar Alveolo-

Palatal

Palatalized Velar Uvular Laryngeal/
Pharyngeal
Plosive voiceless p [p] t [t] tʼ [tʲ] k [k] (q [q]) ʔ [ʔ]
voiced b [b] d [d] dʼ [dʲ] g [g]
Fricative voiceless f [f] s [s] š [ʃ] šʼ [ʃʲ] χ [χ]
voiced (v [v]) z [z] ž [ʒ] žʼ [ʒʲ] [ɣ] (R [ʁ])
Affricate (c [t͡s]) čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal m [m] n [n] nʼ [nʲ] ŋ [ŋ]    
Trill [r]
Lateral l [l] lʼ [lʲ]
Approximant j [j]

Notes

  1. ^ Werner, Heinrich K. (2012). Vajda, Edward J. (ed.). Dictionary of the Yugh language. Languages of the World/Dictionaries. Vol. 47. Muenchen: Lincom GmbH. p. 94. ISBN 978-3862883639.
  2. ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
  3. ^ a b Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005) Closed access icon
  4. ^ Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR". Diogenes. 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921.
  5. ^ a b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  6. ^ Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
  7. ^ 2002 Russian census data
  8. ^ 2010 Russian census data
  9. ^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
  10. ^ a b Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische) (PDF). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.

References

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