Merap language
In today's world, Merap language has become a topic of great relevance and interest to a wide variety of people. Whether due to its impact on society, its historical relevance or its influence on different aspects of daily life, Merap language is a topic that we cannot ignore. Throughout history, Merap language has played a fundamental role in the development of humanity, and its importance is still evident today. In this article, we will further explore the impact of Merap language and its relevance in the contemporary world, analyzing different perspectives and aspects related to this very relevant topic.
| Merap | |
|---|---|
| Mbraa / Mpraa | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Langap, South Malinau, Malinau, North Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Merap |
Native speakers | (200 cited 1981)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | puc |
| Glottolog | mera1243 |
| ELP | Punan Merap |
Merap (Mbraa) is an Austronesian language, spoken in the village of Langap in South Malinau district, Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan, Indonesia.[2] Soriente (2015) classifies Mbraa (also known as Merap) as a Kayan–Murik (Modang-Bahau) language.
Phonology
Merap phonology has departed significantly from Proto-Malayo Polynesian. Merap stress is word-final, and word shape is sesquisyllabic (a minor penultimate syllable followed by a stressed full ultima). The number of vowel contrasts has increased significantly as well. Where Proto-Malayo-Polynesian had four vowels (*i, *u, *a, and *ə) Merap has well over twenty contrasts, including diphthongs, triphthongs, and nasality distinctions.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | c ɟ | k ɡ | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Trill | r |
- /b/ is pronounced as implosive [ɓ] in the offset of final syllables.[3]
- /ɡ/ except after /ŋ/ is rare, and occurs only in loanwords.[4]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | ||||
| Close | i | u | |||
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o | ||
| Open | a | aː | |||
| Diphthongs | closing | iw ɛj əw ae̯ ai̯ ao̯ au̯ oj uj | |||
| centering | iə̯ aə̯ uə̯ | ||||
| nasalised | ĩə̯ ãə̯ ũə̯ | ||||
| Triphthongs | ɛjə̯ ajə̯ awə̯ ojə̯ | ||||
References
Notes
- ^ Merap at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Smith 2017, p. 143.
- ^ Smith 2017, p. 157.
- ^ a b Smith 2017, p. 160.
Bibliography
- Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "Merap Historical Phonology" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (1).
- Soriente, Antonia. 2015. Mbraa: A Modang-Bahau language? Presentation given at 13-ICAL, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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