Mundang language
In this article, we will explore in depth the topic of Mundang language, a topic that has captured the attention of experts and hobbyists alike. From its origins to its current impact on society, Mundang language has been the subject of debate and analysis in different fields of study. Throughout history, Mundang language has played an important role in shaping the culture and identity of various groups of people. Through this article, we will seek to shed light on the different aspects of Mundang language, from its origins to its implications in the modern world.
| Mundang | |
|---|---|
| zah Mundaŋ | |
| Native to | Chad, Cameroon |
Native speakers | (400,000 cited 1982–2019)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mua |
| Glottolog | mund1325 |
Mundang is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon, spoken by the Mundang people.
The Gelama dialect of Cameroon may be a separate language.
Distribution
Mundang, spoken in Cameroon by 44,700 speakers (SIL 1982), is mainly spoken in Mayo-Kani department, Far North Region, in the communes of Mindif, Moulvouday, and Kaélé. It is also spoken to a lesser extent in the south of Mayo-Kebi, in the east of Bibemi commune (Bénoué department, Northern Region), towards the Chadian border. Mundang of Lere (in Chad) and Mundang of Cameroon (centered in Lara and Kaélé) are highly similar.[2]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | ||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮd͡ʒ | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡ͡b | ||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ŋ | |||
| glottalized | ˀm | ˀn | |||||
| Tap | ⱱ | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Glide | central | j | w | ||||
| glottalized | ʔj | ʔw | |||||
- /ɓ, ɗ/ may also be heard as laryngealized among speakers.
- /ʔw/ can also be heard as two laryngealized allophones .
- Sounds /ɓ, k/ may be heard as fricatives in intervocalic positions.
- /h, w/ may be heard as palatal when preceding /i/.
- /ɾ/ can also range to a retroflex among dialects or a trill when geminated.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | ə | u uː |
| Near-close | ɪ ɪː | ʊ ʊː | |
| Close-mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | |
| Open | a aː |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩ ĩː | ũː | |
| Near-close | ɪ̃ ɪ̃ː | ʊ̃ː | |
| Open-mid | ɛ̃ː | ɔ̃ː | |
| Open | ã ãː |
Writing system
| Majuscules | A | B | Ɓ | C | D | Ɗ | E | Ə | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscules | a | b | ɓ | c | d | ɗ | e | ə | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ŋ | o | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | z |
Nasalization is marked by a tilde: ã, ẽ, ə̃, ĩ, õ
References
- ^ Mundang at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069.
- ^ Elders, Stefan (2000). Grammaire Mundang. Leiden University.
- ^ Elders, Stefan (2006). Issues in comparative Kebi-Benue (Adamawa). In Africana Linguistica 12. pp. 37–88.
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