Voiced postalveolar affricate

This article will address the topic of Voiced postalveolar affricate, which has gained relevance in recent years due to its impact on various areas of society. Since its emergence, Voiced postalveolar affricate has sparked the interest of experts and ordinary people alike, generating debates and reflections around its influence on daily life. Through this analysis, we seek to offer a broad and complete vision of Voiced postalveolar affricate, examining its multiple facets and exploring the implications it has in the current context. By reviewing various points of view and presenting relevant information, we will seek to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of Voiced postalveolar affricate and its importance today.

Voiced postalveolar affricate
d̠ʒ
IPA Number104 135
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)d​͡​ʒ
Unicode (hex)U+0064 U+0361 U+0292
X-SAMPAdZ or d_rZ

The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with d͡ʒ (formerly the ligature ʤ), or in some broad transcriptions ɟ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩, and ⟨dž⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in jump.

Features

Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz аџыр/adžyr 'steel' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe джанэ/canä 'dress'
Albanian xham 'glass'
Amharic እንራ/înjera 'injera'
Arabic Modern Standard جَـرَس/jaras 'bell' In other standards and dialects, corresponds to [ɡ] or [ʒ]. See Arabic phonology
Hejazi جــيب/jēb 'pocket' Pronounced [ʒ] by some speakers. See Hejazi Arabic phonology
Armenian Eastern ջուր/džur 'water'
Western ճանճ/džandža 'musca (fly)'
Assyrian ܓ̰ܝܪܐ ǧyoro 'to pee' Used in native terminology. Used predominantly in Urmia and some Jilu dialects. [ɟ] is used in other varieties.
Azerbaijani can 'soul'
Bengali ল/jol 'water' Contrasts with the aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Bulgarian джудже/džudže 'dwarf' See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan jutge 'judge' See Catalan phonology
Chechen джерво / cyervo 'previously married woman'
Chinese Quzhou dialect / zon 'heavy'
Coptic ϫ 'that'
Czech džbán 'jug' See Czech phonology
Dhivehi ޖަރާސީމު / jaraaseemu 'germs' See Dhivehi phonology
Dutch jeans 'jeans' Some say
English jeans 'jeans' See English phonology
Esperanto manĝaĵo 'food' See Esperanto phonology
Estonian äss 'jazz' Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Estonian phonology
Finnish onkki 'junk (ship)' Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Finnish phonology
French adjonction 'addition' Rare. See French phonology
Georgian იბე/džibe 'pocket'
German Standard Dschungel 'jungle' Laminal or apico-laminal and strongly labialized. Some speakers may merge it with /t͡ʃ/. See Standard German phonology
Goemai [example needed] 'twins'
Hebrew Standard ג׳וק/ǧuq 'cockroach' Only used in loanwords. See Modern Hebrew phonology
Temani גָּדוֹל‎/ğaḏol 'big, great' Yemenite Hebrew pronunciation of gimel with dageš. See Yemenite Hebrew
Hindustani Hindi जाना/jānā 'to go' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Urdu جـانا/jana
Hungarian lándzsa 'spear' Rare, mostly in loanwords. See Hungarian phonology
Indonesian jarak 'distance'
Italian gemma 'gem' occurs when letter 'G' is before front vowels , and , while when 'G' is in front of vowels , , and the phoneme changes to a voiced velar plosive.
Kabyle lǧiran 'the neighbors'
Kashubian [example needed]
Kurdish Northern cîger 'lung' See Kurdish phonology
Central جــەرگ 'liver'
Southern
Kyrgyz жаман / jaman 'bad' See Kyrgyz phonology
Ladino djudyó/גﬞודיו 'Jew'
Latvian dai 'thistles' See Latvian phonology
Limburgish Hasselt dialect djèn 'Eugene' See Hasselt dialect phonology
Lithuanian iaugsmingas 'gladsome' See Lithuanian phonology
Macedonian џемпер/džemper 'sweater' See Macedonian phonology
Malay jahat 'evil'
Maltese ġabra 'collection'
Manchu ᡠᠸᡝ/juwe 'two'
Marathi य/joy 'victory' Contrasts with the aspirated form. Allophone and . See Marathi phonology
Occitan Languedocien jove 'young' See Occitan phonology
Provençal
Odia ମି/jami 'land' Contrasts with aspirated form.See Odia phonology
Ojibwe ᑭᐌᐦ / iicikiwee 'brother' See Ojibwe phonology
Pashto جــګ 'high'
Persian کـجـا 'where' See Persian phonology
Polish Standard liczba 'number'
Gmina Istebna dziwny 'strange' /ɖ͡ʐ/ and /d͡ʑ/ merge into in these dialects. In standard Polish, /d͡ʒ/ is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiced retroflex affricate.
Lubawa dialect
Malbork dialect
Ostróda dialect
Warmia dialect
Portuguese Most Brazilian dialects grande 'big' Allophone of /d/ before /i, ĩ/ (including when the vowel is elided) and other instances of (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise.
Most dialects jambalaya 'jambalaya' In free variation with /ʒ/ in a few recent loanwords. See Portuguese phonology
Romanian ger 'frost' See Romanian phonology
Sardinian Campidanese géneru 'son-in-law'
Scottish Gaelic Dia 'God' See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-Croatian Some speakers џем / em 'jam' May be laminal retroflex instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Bosnian ђаво / đavo 'devil' Most Croatian and some Bosnian speakers merge /d͡ʒ/ and /d͡ʑ/, either to or laminal [ɖ͡ʐ].
Croatian
Silesian Gmina Istebna [example needed] These dialects merge /ɖ͡ʐ/ and /d͡ʑ/ into .
Jablunkov [example needed]
Slovene enačba 'equation' Allophone of /t͡ʃ/ before voiced obstruents in native words. As a phoneme present only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology
Somali joog 'stop' See Somali phonology
Tagalog diyan 'there' Used to pronounce the multigraphs ⟨dy⟩ and ⟨diy⟩ in native words and ⟨j⟩ in loanwords outside Spanish. For more information, see Tagalog phonology.
Turkish acı 'pain' See Turkish phonology
Turkmen jar 'ravine'
Tyap jem 'hippopotamus'
Ubykh '?' See Ubykh phonology
Ukrainian джерело/džerelo 'source' See Ukrainian phonology
Uyghur joza / جوزا 'desk' See Uyghur phonology
Uzbek jahon / жаҳон 'world'
West Frisian siedzje 'to sow' See West Frisian phonology
Yiddish דזשוכע 'insect' See Yiddish phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan dxan 'god'

Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate

Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate
d̠ɹ̠˔
dɹ̝˗
Audio sample

Features

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
English Australian dream 'dream' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence /dr/. In General American and Received Pronunciation, the less common alternative is alveolar [d͡ɹ̝]. See Australian English phonology and English phonology
General American
Received Pronunciation

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Watson (2002:16)
  2. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
  3. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  4. ^ a b Mangold (2005:51–52)
  5. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  6. ^ Jerzy Treder. "Fonetyka i fonologia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  7. ^ Peters (2006:119)
  8. ^ a b c d Dubisz, Karaś & Kolis (1995:62)
  9. ^ Barbosa & Albano (2004:228)
  10. ^ a b Dąbrowska (2004:?)
  11. ^ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  12. ^ Merrill (2008:108)
  13. ^ a b Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 144.
  14. ^ a b c d Cruttenden (2014), pp. 177, 186–188, 192.
  15. ^ a b c Wells (2008).

References

External links