Help:IPA/Sanskrit

Today we are going to talk about Help:IPA/Sanskrit, a topic that has generated great interest in today's society. Help:IPA/Sanskrit has become a recurring point of conversation in various fields, from politics to entertainment, including culture and science. The relevance of Help:IPA/Sanskrit is not limited to a single place or moment, but transcends borders and times. Its impact and meaning have been the subject of debate and reflection by experts and ordinary citizens alike. In this article we will explore different aspects related to Help:IPA/Sanskrit, with the aim of further understanding its importance and impact on our society.

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Sanskrit on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Sanskrit in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Shortcut H:IPA-SAH:IPA-SA

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Sanskrit

This page contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and Pali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See shiksha for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Sanskrit.

Key

Consonants IPA Nagari IAST English approximation b ब b about bʱ भ bh clubhouse ɕ श ś sheep, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized) d द d width dʱ ध dh redhead (but dental) dʑ ज j juice, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized) dʑʱ झ jh hedgehog ɖ ड ḍ American bird ɖʱ ढ ḍh American birdhouse ɡ ग g again ɡʱ घ gh loghouse ɦ ह h ahead j य y yak k क k skin kʰ ख kh kin l ल l leaf m म m much n न n tenth ɲ ञ ñ canyon ɳ ण ṇ American burn ŋ ङ ṅ sting p प p span pʰ फ ph pan r र r Indian roti s स s soup ʂ ष ṣ American worship t त t stable tʰ थ th table (but dental) ʈ ट ṭ stable ʈʰ ठ ṭh table tɕ च c riches, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized) tɕʰ छ ch chew ʋ व v between wine and vine

Vowels IPA Nagari IAST English approximation ɐ अ, प a comma aː आ, पा ā bra i इ, पि i sit iː ई, पी ī feet u उ, पु u full uː ऊ, पू ū fool eː ए, पे e Scottish wait ɐːi̯ ऐ, पै ai hi oː ओ, पो o story ɐːu̯ औ, पौ au how Syllabic Consonants r̩ ऋ, पृ ṛ Possibly like bird r̩ː ॠ, पॄ ṝ longer ṛ l̩ ऌ, पॢ ḷ bottle l̩ː ॡ, पॣ ḹ longer ḷ Vowel Diacritics ◌̃ ँ ◌̃/m̐ nasal vowel , , , etc.) h ः ḥ head Suprasegmentals IPA Nagari IAST English equivalent ˈ◌ stress (placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Devanagari consonant letters such as क have the inherent vowel अ a. Thus, क is pronounced ka, even without any vowel sign added. But the IPA and IAST shown here have the consonant k only and do not include the vowel 'a'.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Comparison of IAST with ISO 15919 transliteration.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Vowels may occur nasalised as an allophone of the nasal consonants in certain positions: see anusvara and chandrabindu.
4. ^ /r/ may be phonetically realised as , or in Classical Sanskrit.
5. ^ Sanskrit distinguishes between long and short vowels. Each monophthong has a long and short phoneme. The diphthongs, historically /əi, aːi, əu, aːu/, also have a difference in quality: . Rarely, vowels may be extra-long.
6. ^ , or in Classical Sanskrit.
7. ^ , or in Classical Sanskrit.
8. ^ or for most modern speakers. for southern speakers.
9. ^ or for most modern speakers. for southern speakers.
10. ^ for most modern speakers. in Bengali and Maithili regions.
11. ^ for most modern speakers. in Bengali and Maithili regions.
12. ^ Visarga, added after a vowel.
13. ^ In Classical Sanskrit, stress was predictable by syllable weight: counting from the end of a word, the second-last was stressed if heavy (having a long vowel or a coda consonant); if it was light, the third-last was stressed if heavy; otherwise, stress fell on the fourth-last syllable. Vedic Sanskrit, in contrast, possessed an unpredictable pitch accent.

References

• Zieba, Maciej; Stiehl, Ulrich (June 9, 2002). "The Original Pronunciation of Sanskrit" (PDF). Ulrich Stiehl. Retrieved 27 September 2011.

See also

• Category:Pages with Sanskrit IPA (225)
• Category:Pages with Pali IPA (9)