Voiced labial–velar implosive
In this article, we will be exploring Voiced labial–velar implosive and everything that comes with it. From its origin to its impact on today's society, Voiced labial–velar implosive has been a topic of interest and debate in different areas. Throughout history, Voiced labial–velar implosive has played a crucial role in the formation of cultures, the evolution of technologies, and the development of ideologies. We will delve into its meaning, its relevance today and how it has marked the course of history. Through detailed analysis and deep insight, we will discover the importance of Voiced labial–velar implosive and its influence in today's world.
| Voiced labial-velar implosive | |
|---|---|
| ɡ͡ɓ | |
| ɠ͡ɓ | |
| Audio sample | |
A voiced labial–velar implosive is a rare type of consonantal sound. It occurs in a few African languages, including the Central dialect of Igbo,[1] Lese,[2][3][4] and Ma'di.[5]
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɠ͡ɓ⟩ or ⟨ɡ͡ɓ⟩.
Features
Features of a voiced labial–velar implosive:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is labial–velar, which means it is simultaneously articulated with the lips and with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum). The dorsal closure is made and released slightly before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of their duration.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
Occurrence
| Language | Dialect | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Igbo | Central[1] | Gbúó yá. | 'Kill it!' | Corresponds to /ɡ͜b/ in Standard Igbo. | |
| Lese[2][3][6] | 'in' | Has an allophone [ɡ͜b]. | |||
| Maʼdi[5] | ʼgbá | 'to pick or pluck leaves' | Has an allophone . | ||
Notes
- ^ a b Clark (1990), p. 38.
- ^ a b Demolin & Teston (1997).
- ^ a b Güldemann (2018).
- ^ Vorbichler, Anton (1965). Die Phonologie und Morphologie des Balese (Ituri-Urwald, Kongo) (in German). J.J. Augustin.
- ^ a b Blackings, Mairi; Fabb, Nigel (2011-07-22). A Grammar of Ma'di. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-3-11-089496-7.
- ^ Vorbichler 1965.
References
- Clark, Mary M. (1990). The Tonal System of Igbo. Dordrecht: Foris Publications. doi:10.1515/9783110869095. ISBN 9783110130416.
- Demolin, Didier; Teston, Bernard (September 1997). Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages (PDF). Eurospeech '97, 5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology. Rhodes, Greece. pp. 803–806. ISSN 1018-4074. hal-00239376.
- Güldemann, Tom (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-042175-0.
