In the following article we will explore Voiced retroflex approximant, a topic that has generated great interest in contemporary society. Voiced retroflex approximant is a topic that covers various areas of study and has a significant impact on people's daily lives. Throughout this article we will examine different aspects of Voiced retroflex approximant, from its origins and evolution to its implications today. In addition, we will analyze different perspectives and opinions on Voiced retroflex approximant, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and enriching vision on this topic. Join us on this tour of Voiced retroflex approximant and discover its importance in today's world.
Voiced retroflex approximant | |||
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ɻ | |||
IPA Number | 152 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ɻ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+027B | ||
X-SAMPA | r\` | ||
Braille | |||
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Labialised voiced retroflex approximant | |
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ɻʷ | |
Audio sample | |
The voiced retroflex approximant is a type of consonant used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɻ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r\`
. The IPA symbol is a turned lowercase letter r with a rightward hook protruding from the lower right of the letter.
The velar bunched approximant found in some varieties of Dutch and American English sounds similar to the retroflex approximant but it has a very different articulation.
Features of the voiced retroflex approximant:
Family | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
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Sinitic | Chinese | Mandarin | 日光 rìguāng | 'sunlight' | Apical. As an initial in free variation between fricative and approximant, but never has friction as strong as a true fricative (Chinese "fully muddy"/全浊-class) to trigger a (free or conditional) devoicing or postvoicing into /ʐ̥ʱ/, nor weak enough to become an apical vowel. As a rime it's an apical vowel that is frequently coarticulated with a close near-back unrounded vowel /ɨ̟/ (thus phonetically , but this phonetic representation should be avoided as the tie-bar for coarticulation may be misunderstood as a sliding into an erhua rhotic vowel, a phonemically distinct syllable in Chinese), but it can be prolonged indefinitely and never truly developed into an /ɨ̟/. Both the consonant and the vowel may gain some friction especially when prolonged to force a more "distinct/clear" effect in teaching or when swearing, and thus it may be inaccurately transcribed as fricative [ʐ] both as initial and as rime (when precision is necessary, a true fricative in Wu Chinese may be transcribed as , as that's how it's pronounced in the first syllable). See Standard Chinese phonology.
The character 日 (sun), when pronounced with an overall strengthened friction (on both z and ɿ), may likely be understood as a profanity, thus pronouncing as an approximant is important; but the two do not form a minimal pair, because the profanity can also be pronounced with little friction (though in some other dialects they further evolved to form a minimal pair). | |
Nungish | Derung | Tvrung | 'Derung' | |||
Germanic | English | Some American dialects | red | 'red' | Labialized (pronounced with lips rounded). See Pronunciation of English /r/ | |
Some Hiberno-English dialects | ||||||
Some West Country English | ||||||
Arnhem | Enindhilyagwa | angwura | 'fire' | |||
Germanic | Faroese | hoyrdi | 'heard' | Allophone of /ɹ/. Sometimes voiceless [ɻ̊]. See Faroese phonology | ||
Hellenic | Greek | Cretan (Sfakia and Mylopotamos variations) region | γάλα gála | 'milk' | Intervocalic allophone of /l/ before /a, o, u/. Recessive. See Modern Greek phonology | |
Eskimo-Aleut | Inuktitut | Nattilingmiutut | kiuřuq | /kiuɻuq/ | 'she replies' | |
Dravidian | Malayalam | ആഴം | 'depth' | |||
Mapudungun | Mapuche | rayen | 'flower' | Possible realization of /ʐ/; may be [ʐ] or [ɭ] instead. | ||
Romance | Portuguese | Many Centro-Sul registers | cartas | 'letters' | Allophone of rhotic consonants (and sometimes /l/) in the syllable coda. Mainly found in rural São Paulo, Paraná, south of Minas Gerais and surrounding areas, with the more common and prestigious realization in metropolitan areas being [ɹ] and/or rhotic vowel instead. As with [ɽ], it appeared as a mutation of . See Portuguese phonology. | |
Caipira | temporal | 'rainstorm' | ||||
Conservative Piracicabano | grato | 'thankful' (m.) | ||||
Dravidian | Tamil | தமிழ் | 'Tamil' | See Tamil phonology. May be merged with [ɭ] for some modern speakers. | ||
Pama-Nyungan | Western Desert | Pitjantjatjara dialect | Uluṟu | 'Uluru' | ||
Isolate | Yaghan | wárho | 'cave' |