Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants
In this article we want to delve deeper into the topic of Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants, which has aroused great interest in multiple sectors of society. Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants has gained relevance in recent years due to its significant impact in different areas, from health to technology. Along these lines, we will analyze the most relevant aspects related to Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants, exploring its importance, its evolution over time and the future perspectives that are envisioned around this topic. From its origins to its current relevance, Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants has proven to be a turning point that marks a before and after in numerous areas, motivating debates, research and significant changes.
In a number of languages, including most varieties of English, the phoneme /l/ becomes velarized ("dark l") in certain contexts. By contrast, the non-velarized form is the "clear l" (also known as: "light l"), which occurs before and between vowels in certain English standards. Some languages have only clear l. Others may not have a clear l at all, or have them only before front vowels (especially [i]).
Features
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral approximant:
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Languages may have clear apical or laminal alveolars, laminal denti-alveolars (such as French), or true dentals, which are uncommon. Laminal denti-alveolars tend to occur in continental European languages. However, a true dental generally occurs allophonically before /θ/ in languages that have it, as in English health.
Varies between dental and alveolar in initial position, whereas the postvocalic /l/ may be postalveolar, especially after back vowels. See Faroese phonology
In process of changing from laminal denti-alveolar to apical alveolar, but the laminal denti-alveolar is still possible in some environments, and is obligatory after /n,t,d/. See Norwegian phonology
The velarized alveolar approximant (a.k.a. dark l) is a type of consonantal sound used in some languages. It is an alveolar, denti-alveolar, or dental lateral approximant, with a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization. The regular symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨lˠ⟩ (for a velarized lateral) and ⟨lˤ⟩ (for a pharyngealized lateral), though the dedicated letter ⟨ɫ⟩, which covers both velarization and pharyngealization, is perhaps more common. The latter should not be confused with belted ⟨ɬ⟩, which represents the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative. However, some scholars use that symbol to represent the velarized alveolar lateral approximant anyway – though such usage is considered non-standard.
If the sound is dental or denti-alveolar, one could use a dental diacritic to indicate so: ⟨l̪ˠ⟩, ⟨l̪ˤ⟩, ⟨ɫ̪⟩.
Velarization and pharyngealization are generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants, so dark l tends to be dental or denti-alveolar. Clear (non-velarized) l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or, more rarely, the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /l/ after /ɔ,oː,ɑ,ɑː/, and sometimes also after /u,uː/. However, according to Endresen (1990), this allophone is not velarized. See Norwegian phonology
Laminal; pharyngealized in northern accents, velarized or post-palatalised in southern accents. It is an allophone of /l/ before consonants and pauses, and also prevocalically when after the open back vowels /ɔ,ɑ/. Many northern speakers realize the final /l/ as a strongly pharyngealised vocoid , whereas some Standard Belgian speakers use the clear /l/ in all positions. See Dutch phonology
When , most often dental. Coda is now vocalized to in most of Brazil (as in EP in rural parts of Alto Minho and Madeira). Stigmatized realizations such as , the /ʁ/ range, [j] and even (zero) are some other coda allophones typical of Brazil. See Portuguese phonology
^Adjaye, Sophia (2005). Ghanaian English Pronunciation. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 198. ISBN978-0-7734-6208-3. realization of /l/ is similar to that of RP: a 'clear' or non-velarized /l/ = pre-vocalically and intervocalically; and a 'dark' or velarized /l/ = pre-consonantally and pre-pausally
^Celce-Murcia, Marianne; et al. (2010). Teaching Pronunciation. Cambridge U. Press. p. 84. ISBN978-0-521-72975-8. the light /l/ used in all environments in German (e.g., Licht "light," viel "much, many") or in French (e.g., lit "bed", île "island")
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